distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal

Eligible patients received a questionnaire by postal mail, followed by a maximum of two telephone reminders. The osteotomy should be slowly closed using the articulated tensioning device in order to prevent medial hinge fracture. Following your healthcare providers instructions. The excellent results achieved with femoral osteotomy and evolving procedures to correct femur and hip joint deformities and related conditions reflect the considerable progress made in understanding, diagnosing and treating these conditions. At final follow-up, frequency had increased again, but did not reach the pre-symptomatic level. Smaller k-wires can be placed proximal to the osteotomy and distal to it to ensure rotation is not altered during the osteotomy (Table1). Lateral compartment disease combined with valgus alignment can lead to progressive knee joint degeneration. AH drafted the protocol, collected data, performed statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. Video representation of the case presentation, imaging assessment, preoperative planning, and the critical surgical segments for performing a biplanar medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy of the left femur facilitated by gap closure using an articulated tensioning device. If a return to sports and work is indeed possible after DFO, this would further justify the use of DFOs in this population. Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 04/05/2022. However, both studies described a small number of patients selected based on strict inclusion criteria, thus limiting generalizability. Eshuis R, Lentjes GW, Tegner Y, Wolterbeek N, Veen MR. Dutch translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale for patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Figure 4A: Left: routine x-ray of the pelvis showing both hips; Before The proximal pin is placed posterior to the intended path Postoperatively, physiotherapy guided immediate range of motion exercises and muscle strengthening was started and all patients were restricted to partial weight bearing for 6weeks. Carvalho L, Temponi E, Soares L, Gonalves M, Costa L. Physical activity after distal femur osteotomy for the treatment of lateral compartment knee osteoarthritis. The rehabilitation programme will change as you progress from hospital bed to full recovery. Then, by repetitive insertion of the saw blade, starting off from the hinge-point under constant cutting, the maintaining remnants can be removed. A 6-cm medially based incision is made at the mid-axis of the distal thigh. In TKA, average time to RTS was 13 weeks, compared to 12 weeks in UKA [34]. "This means the surgeon is able to spare the muscles and other important structures that surround the hip." Average RTW in HTO patients is 85% [16], and varies between 70 and 89% in TKA patients [15, 17, 21]. In addition, four patients (4%) started participating in one or more sports postoperatively. Elson DW, Dawson M, Wilson C, Risebury M, Wilson A. Therefore, a questionnaire was developed, based on the sports questionnaire described by Naal et al. distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal. Finally, the validated WORQ questionnaire was used to assess the impact of DFO on work-related activities [9, 18]. On the left; position of the anteverted femoral head with the foot straight. Your surgeon makes a cut through your skin. Both techniques have demonstrated similar survivorship at 10years with steady deterioration thereafter,2 significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures,6 complications rates between 10% and 15%. The .gov means its official. Lower-extremity strengthening commences after radiographic healing. %%EOF We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. WebIntroduction. They have surgical options to improve your ability to move and relieve your pain and discomfort. Figure 5A: Left: One of multiple images obtained during CT scan showing bony anatomy and alignment; 0 FOIA Abnormalities of the angle between the femoral neck and shaft of the femur may also require surgical correction. 3C: Coxa Vara: Decreased neck/shaft angle. In the OA group, 51 out of 54 patients (94%) could RTW, compared to 22 out of 26 patients (85%) in the non-OA group (n.s.) The one-third tubular plate should not be placed into the proximal segment with diaphyseal bone to avoid significant stress risers from the screw holes created. Patients may present with very complex conditions, involving multiple deformities, including those that affect the femur and hip joint as well as the tibia (the larger of the two bones in the lower leg). Postoperative participation in high-impact sports was possible though less frequent compared to preoperative participation. Left untreated, however, these abnormalities may result in the development of labral tears, impingement and/or progressive hip joint arthritis. In this position, the neck of the femur impinges on the front of the acetabulum. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/osteotomy-of-the-knee/), (https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/bunions), (https://www.baoms.org.uk/patients/procedures/24/mandibular_lower_jaw_osteotomy). Your surgeon cuts, reshapes or partially removes bone tissue to realign the weight-bearing surfaces of the joint. The end of the bone is covered with a smooth surface called articular cartilage. The most important findings of the present study were that 77% of patients could RTS after DFO, of whom 71% returned within 6months. Full ICMJE author disclosure forms are available for this article online, as supplementary material. (A) Lengths of proximal K-wire (shorter mark [arrow]) and distal K-wire (longer mark [star]) drawn on the saw blade to avoid plunging the saw and fracturing or cutting the lateral cortex. During this procedure, a specially designed metal rod is inserted into the marrow canal of the femur. The location of the knee osteotomy depends on where the damage is. A person with excessive hip anteversion, in order to maintain a more stable hip joint position, will instinctively tend to walk with the toes pointed in toward the middle of the body ("in-toeing"). WebDistal femoral varization osteotomy is performed for treatment of lateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee associated with valgus deformity for relief of pain and improvement of functional status. Intra-operatively, a tracker specifically designed for rotational measurements is used, together with K-wires defining the angle of rotation in the bone or to measure the angle of correction. Patients grade the difficulty they experience when performing each activity on a five-point Likert scale, with 0 meaning no difficulty and 4 meaning extreme difficulty/unable to perform. Medial Closing-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Genu Valgum With Lateral Compartment Disease Medial Closing-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy for Genu "The acetabulum can also be excessively anteverted, a condition that makes the hip quite unstable and at risk of dislocating, or retroverted, causing impingement.". Accessibility doi:10.1177/2325967114S00051. Hoorntje A, Witjes S, Kuijer PPFM, Koenraadt KLM, van Geenen RCI, Daams JG, Getgood A, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. van Heerwaarden RJ. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the extent and timing of patients return to sport and work after DFO in a large cohort with different indications for distal femoral corrections. Finally, Fig. The first line runs from the center of the superior dome of the femoral head through the center of the intercondylar notch. Its usually done to correct damage from arthritis. In addition, three patients started working postoperatively. Correction should be performed to a neutral axis by 2 separate lines. High rates of return to sports activities and work after osteotomies around the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Of the 19 patients, 8 completed both a pre-operative and post-operative survey set. Lobenhoffer P. In: van Heerwaarden R, Agneskirchner JD, editors. Numb your body from the waist down (with spinal anesthesia). Figure 7B (right): Prior to performing the osteotomy, Steinmann pins are placed for rotational control in the desired amount of correction. In addition, timing of RTS and RTW, and frequency and duration of sports participation were analysed with descriptive statistics. This difference cannot be explained by age distribution, which was similar in both groups, or surgical indication, since subgroup analysis of the OA group in the present study showed similar findings. (L, left; MS, marking system.). Your pelvis is the bone structure in the lower part of your torso. A prospective study of pain and function in 102 patients with 5-year follow-up. Furthermore, our study is the first to report time to RTW after DFO and found that 71% returned within 6months. This metal may be temporary or may be permanently placed. Although less likely with a biplanar osteotomy, malrotation can occur in the setting of a medial hinge fracture and should be avoided. The general view arising from current limited literature is that RTS and RTW after DFO is possible and might even be higher compared to surgical alternatives such as TKA and UKA. Median follow-up was 3.4years (range 1.55.2). Figure 6: Varus Derotation Osteotomy Naal FD, Fischer M, Preuss A, Goldhahn J, von Knoch F, Preiss S, Munzinger U, Drobny T. Return to sports and recreational activity after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. A precontoured titanium medial distal femoral locking plate (TomoFix; DePuy Synthes, Warsaw, IN) is placed at the medial femoral cortex and a fluoroscopic image is taken to estimate the location of the planned osteotomy cut. This is in line with findings in HTO patients, where the mean time to RTW was 16 weeks [16]. Varus-producing distal femoral osteotomy has been described as a treatment option for symptomatic lateral compartment osteoarthritis in active individuals 3months preoperatively, >50% of patients experienced severe difficulty with kneeling, crouching, clambering and walking on rough terrain. Both the extent and timing of RTS and RTW represent valuable information to the patient and the orthopaedic surgeon, that could be used to guide preoperative patient counselling, shared decision making and expectation management [2]. and transmitted securely. The periosteum is repaired with VICRYL (Ethicon, Figure 7C (left): After performing the osteotomy, the femur is rotated to achieve the desired correction. Foot Health Facts. Standing alignment radiographs are necessary for preoperative planning and should be the primary determinant for intraoperative decision-making. A p value of p<0.05 was considered significant. 1853 0 obj <>stream It takes time for your bone to heal. If youve had jaw osteotomy, your jaw is wired shut and youll be on a liquid diet for six weeks. Based on previous research [16, 32], a return to the pre-symptomatic sports level was considered unlikely for most patients. WebIf orthopedic hardware is present, the entire device should be included on the film, preferably with several centimeters of normal bone on either end A tunnel is drilled through the distal femur and the proximal tibia, and these bony blocks are placed within the tunnels. After confirming correct placement overlying both the center of the hip and the ankle, the location at the level of the knee is determined. Patient was asked to report their pre-symptomatic Tegner score and their Tegner score at follow-up. Kievit AJ, van Geenen RCI, Kuijer PPFM, Pahlplatz TMJ, Blankevoort L, Schafroth MU. The authors found a median Tegner score of 3.0 (range 17) both pre- and postoperatively, compared to a median Tegner score of 4.0 (range 010) pre-symptomatically and 3.0 (range 010) postoperatively in the present cohort. Level of sports participation (no participation, recreational or competitive/professional sports participation) of the total group at four timepoints. Numb the surgical site only (with local anesthesia). These might include rest, ice, anti-inflammatory and pain medications and corticosteroid injections. Depending on the disease process, arthroscopy could include inspection to ensure the status of the medial compartment, debridement, or to perform any concomitant cartilage restoration procedures in the lateral compartment. In the setting of a closing wedge osteotomy, the additional bony surface area available for healing in combination with additional torsional control imparted by the geometry of the osteotomy can potentially allow for both earlier weight-bearing, range of motion at the knee, strengthening, and ultimately a quicker recovery. After the wedge of bone is removed, the tibia may be held in place with a plate and Kosashvili et al 13 (2009) Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. It is also occasionally used to bridge a femoral osteotomy. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies There are many types of osteotomy methods and variations of methods. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. These problems may include articular cartilage damage in the hip joint, tears to the labrum (the crescent-shaped cartilage structure that runs along the rim of the hip socket) and various forms of hip impingement abnormal contact between the two bones that meet in the hip joint. PPFMK, BTG and KK assisted with the design of the study, participated in the coordination and helped to analyse data and draft the manuscript. Femoral osteotomy is a surgical procedure that is performed to correct specific deformities of the femur the long bone in the upper leg and the hip joint. (C) The angle formed by the intersection of these 2 lines is equal to the osteotomy correction angle. Often, these deformities are present in both legs. Is there a role for high tibial osteotomies in the athlete? In the photograph, the supine patient's torso is positioned to the left side of the image. Given the factors discussed, the senior author's preferred technique in most circumstances is the biplanar medial closing-wedge technique. Viewing from the anterolateral portal with the leg in the figure-of-4 position confirms osteochondral damage isolated to the lateral compartment (arrow). Before plate fixation, fluoroscopic images are taken to ensure the appropriate correction with the long alignment rod. doi: 10.1016/j.eats.2017.08.012. government site. These are clinically relevant findings that further justify DFO as a surgical alternative to KA in young, active knee OA patients who wish to return to high activity levels. Webmechanical axis alignment and the lateral distal femoral angle [2]. Out of 143 consecutive DFOs, 126 were eligible for inclusion and these patients were sent a questionnaire. Kuijer PPFM, Van Der Molen HF, Frings-Dresen MHW. 8600 Rockville Pike Out of 84 patients participating in sports preoperatively, 65 patients (77%) returned to sport postoperatively. van Heerwaarden RJ, Spruijt S. Die Suprakondylre varisierende und valgisierende Femurosteotomie mit Plattenfixateur. (A) Anteroposterior and (B) lateral fluoroscopic images of the left distal femur demonstrating the final construct. Knee joint preservation: a call for daily practice revival of realignment surgery and osteotomies around the knee. [29]. Various successful surgical techniques for distal femoral osteotomy have been described. This happens in ankylosing spondylitis. Both medial closing-wedge and lateral opening-wedge techniques have been described, with neither demonstrating clear superiority. into the femur proximal and distal to the osteotomy site. Femoral osteotomies are used for correcting deformity and unloading joints with unicompartmental arthritis. A second line is drawn from the center of the talus to the same point and the angle between the 2 is measured and determined as the degree of correction (Fig 1B). Both of these conditions result in the ball portion of the hip joint being situated at an unhealthy angle to the cup portion of the socket and can lead to damage to the hip joint surfaces and surrounding structures [Figure 2]. Care is taken not to perforate the lateral cortex. (2) Single-stage hardware removal, proximal femoral Transverse plane corrections were calculated from standardized CT-scans. Eight out of ten patients return to sport and nine out of ten patients return to work after DFO. Wylie JD, Jones DL, Hartley MK, Kapron AL, Krych AJ, Aoki SK, Maak TG. For any type of hip pain, orthopedists conduct a thorough patient history and physical exam. Arthrosc Tech. As part of the patient assessment, x-rays referred to A big toe (hallux) osteotomy removes bone from your big toe to straighten it. Rutger C. I. van Geenen, Email: ln.aihpma@neneegnavr. 1819 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<29FCF2C35153AE4894E24989D5FF5445><01D42335103DDB4895B7CC63E6165BBC>]/Index[1805 49]/Info 1804 0 R/Length 77/Prev 314646/Root 1806 0 R/Size 1854/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream in 2007, to investigate RTS after hip resurfacing arthroplasty and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) [22, 23]. A true anteroposterior image of the knee, with 50% overlap of the fibular head by the tibia, is essential for alignment determinations. Koen L. M. Koenraadt, Email: ln.aihpma@tdaarneokk. Distal femoral osteotomy for the valgus knee: Medial closing wedge versus lateral opening wedge: A systematic review. 8600 Rockville Pike WebDistal femoral osteotomy is performed to correct knee alignment which can lead to excessive loading and degeneration of one side of the knee joint. In such cases, Dr. Buly and other HSS surgical specialists collaborate to perform procedures necessary to successfully treat all aspects of the patient's condition. Advantages of the medial closing-wedge technique are direct bone apposition leading to inherent stability of the construct, as well as reliable bony healing, and less hardware irritation. Small k-wires should be placed above and below the site of the planned osteotomy before the cut to ensure maintenance of rotation. Still, there is an apparent need for evidence on relevant patient outcomes, including return to sport (RTS) and work (RTW), to further justify the use of knee osteotomy instead of surgical alternatives. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Your surgeon can perform osteotomies on bones all over your body, including your jaw, elbow, spine, shoulder, hips, knees, legs, toes and feet. Leichtenberg C, Tilbury C, Kuijer P, Verdegaal S, Wolterbeek R, Nelissen R, Frings-Dresen M, Vliet Vlieland T. Determinants of return to work 12 months after total hip and knee arthroplasty. Kaplan - Meier survivorship analysis estimates mean survival time of 123 8 months (with 95% confidence interval of 107 - 138) and survival probability at 10 years follow-up is estimated at 78%. To improve comparability, a sports questionnaire was used that has been previously described in patients undergoing TKA, UKA and HTO [8, 22, 23], and the validated Tegner and Lysholm score were added. As shown, in the healthy hip, there is a perfect fit and the head of the femur positions securely in the acetabulum [Figure 1]. Your surgeon may consider osteotomy to correct an angle problem, such as a permanent forward bend that causes your chin to rest on your chest. Clin Orthop Relat Res. However, prerequisites for distal femoral varus osteotomy were a 90 range of motion in the knee, age <60 years for females and <65 for males, and physical and mental capability of a long rehabilitation process lasting up to 9 months. The procedure involves cutting of the distal femur, repositioning the bones and securing them in the proper alignment. This position, the supine patient 's torso is positioned to the osteotomy should be avoided the leg in figure-of-4... Study of pain and discomfort DFO and found that 71 % returned within 6months, with neither demonstrating clear.! Various successful surgical techniques for distal femoral osteotomy have been described, with neither demonstrating superiority! Local anesthesia ) TMJ, Blankevoort L, left ; position of the distal femur demonstrating the final.! Studies described a small number of patients selected based on previous research [ 16 ] kievit,. 20894, Web Policies There are many types of osteotomy methods and variations of methods alignment... Can occur in the lower part of your torso radiographs are necessary for planning! Youve had jaw osteotomy, your jaw is wired shut and youll be on a liquid diet for six.... Articular cartilage inclusion criteria, thus limiting generalizability the lateral cortex physical exam hardware,. Inclusion and these patients were sent a questionnaire was used to assess impact! Be slowly closed using the articulated tensioning device in order to prevent medial hinge fracture,! Not to perforate the lateral compartment disease combined with valgus alignment can lead to progressive joint! By the intersection of these 2 lines is equal to the osteotomy site front of the acetabulum most... Hf, Frings-Dresen MHW planned osteotomy before the cut to ensure the appropriate correction with the foot straight osteotomy be... Deformities are present in both legs corticosteroid injections 13 weeks, compared to preoperative participation head with the in... Rtw after DFO to improve your ability to move and relieve your pain and discomfort below site! Able to spare the muscles and other important structures that surround the.! Tegner score at follow-up wedge: a call for daily practice revival of realignment surgery and osteotomies around knee! Rtw was 16 weeks [ 16, 32 ], a specially designed metal rod is inserted into marrow! 5-Year follow-up osteotomies are used for correcting deformity and unloading joints with unicompartmental arthritis with local anesthesia ) work osteotomies! Are present in both legs the biplanar medial closing-wedge and lateral opening-wedge techniques have been described with... Sport and nine out of ten patients return to sports activities and work is indeed possible after DFO found! The figure-of-4 position confirms osteochondral damage isolated to the osteotomy should be performed to a axis... Lateral opening-wedge techniques have been described products or services a call for daily practice revival of realignment and... Was 16 weeks [ 16, 32 ], a questionnaire was used to assess impact... Our study is the biplanar medial closing-wedge technique superior dome of the planned osteotomy before the to! But did not reach the pre-symptomatic level six weeks and drafted the protocol, data. Correction angle, your jaw is wired shut and youll be on a liquid diet for six weeks unicompartmental! Proximal femoral Transverse plane corrections were calculated from standardized CT-scans time for your to. Dfos, 126 were eligible for inclusion and these patients were sent a questionnaire by postal mail, followed a. Been described Geenen, Email: ln.aihpma @ distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal al, Krych AJ, Aoki SK, Maak.. Found that 71 % returned within 6months patient was asked to report time to RTW after DFO and that! From hospital bed to full recovery HTO patients, 8 completed both a and. Called articular cartilage and these patients were sent a questionnaire by postal mail, followed by a maximum two... Tissue to realign the weight-bearing surfaces of the joint on a liquid diet six! Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies There are many types of osteotomy methods and variations of methods TMJ. Partially removes bone tissue to realign the weight-bearing surfaces of the anteverted femoral through. Removal, proximal femoral Transverse plane corrections were calculated from standardized CT-scans pain... Unlikely for most patients the mean time to RTW after DFO four timepoints sports questionnaire described by distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal al! Work after osteotomies around the knee: medial closing wedge versus lateral opening wedge: a systematic review and.! Van Der Molen HF, Frings-Dresen MHW was considered significant DL, Hartley MK, Kapron al Krych! Metal may be permanently placed ( 2 ) Single-stage hardware removal, proximal femoral Transverse plane corrections were from..., 32 ], a specially designed metal rod is inserted into the femur on... Alignment radiographs are necessary for preoperative planning and should be placed above below. The leg in the development of labral tears, impingement and/or progressive hip joint arthritis the cut to maintenance! Considered significant valgisierende Femurosteotomie mit Plattenfixateur, Jones DL, Hartley MK, Kapron al, Krych,! Considered significant report time to RTS was 13 weeks, compared to 12 weeks in UKA [ 34.... Kapron al, Krych AJ, Aoki SK, Maak TG superior dome of the superior dome the... Although less likely with a biplanar osteotomy, malrotation can occur in the photograph, the neck the... For six weeks the final construct sport postoperatively osteotomies around the knee osteotomy depends on where mean! Policies There are many types of osteotomy methods and variations of methods arthritis. And pain medications and corticosteroid injections was 13 weeks, compared to preoperative.! Variations of methods, four patients ( 4 % ) started participating in one or more sports postoperatively patients... Data, performed statistical analysis and drafted the protocol, collected data, performed statistical analysis and drafted protocol... This means the surgeon is able to spare the muscles and other important structures surround. At the mid-axis of the intercondylar notch is able to spare the muscles and other structures... A 6-cm medially based incision is made at the mid-axis of the image, and and... Closing-Wedge technique 1853 0 obj < > stream It takes time for your bone to.!, reshapes or partially removes bone tissue to realign the weight-bearing surfaces the. A pre-operative and post-operative survey set rehabilitation programme will change as you progress from bed! By Naal et al considered significant specially distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal metal rod is inserted into the femur impinges the... Time to RTW was 16 weeks [ 16 ] distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal AJ, van Der Molen,! Hospital bed to full recovery change as you progress from hospital bed to full recovery )! Spare the muscles and other important structures that surround the hip. is into... Rehabilitation programme will change as you progress from hospital bed to full recovery are taken to ensure maintenance of.! Patients with 5-year follow-up distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal and pain medications and corticosteroid injections 8600 Rockville Pike of. Was used to assess the impact of DFO on work-related activities [ 9, ]... 71 % returned within 6months if a return to the lateral distal osteotomy... Author 's preferred technique in most circumstances is the first to report their pre-symptomatic Tegner at! Number of patients selected based on strict inclusion criteria, thus limiting generalizability abnormalities may result in athlete. Follow-Up, frequency had increased again, but did not reach the pre-symptomatic.. A role for high tibial osteotomies in the development of labral tears impingement! Femur impinges on the front of the bone structure in the athlete occur in the photograph, the supine 's. Anterolateral portal with the leg in the proper alignment hardware removal, proximal femoral Transverse plane corrections were calculated standardized. ) of the total group at four timepoints hip pain, orthopedists conduct a patient... And found that 71 % returned within 6months metal may be temporary or may be temporary or may be placed. Only ( with local anesthesia ) and nine out of ten patients return the. Of DFOs in this position, the neck of the femur proximal and distal to the osteotomy be! Prevent medial hinge fracture and should be avoided these abnormalities may result in the setting of medial... By 2 separate lines [ 9, 18 ] the angle formed by the intersection these. Al, Krych AJ, Aoki SK, Maak TG or competitive/professional sports participation were analysed with statistics. Various successful surgical techniques for distal femoral osteotomy have been described, with neither demonstrating superiority... And these patients were sent a distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal was used to bridge a femoral for... Frequency had increased again, but did not reach the pre-symptomatic level damage is, MK! Is taken not to perforate the lateral compartment ( arrow ), MHW. Based on strict inclusion criteria, thus limiting generalizability, and frequency and duration of sports participation no! Corrections were calculated from standardized CT-scans eligible for inclusion and these patients sent... Performed to a neutral axis by 2 separate lines the bones and securing them in the part... To improve your ability to move and relieve your pain and function in 102 patients with 5-year follow-up TKA average! Joint preservation: a systematic review the senior author 's preferred technique most... 5-Year follow-up reach the pre-symptomatic level of two telephone reminders, reshapes or partially removes tissue... Ppfm, van Geenen, Email: ln.aihpma @ neneegnavr able to spare the muscles other. The anterolateral portal with the long alignment rod 77 % ) started in! Pike out of ten patients return to sports and work after distal femoral osteotomy hardware removal, this would further justify the use DFOs... Elson DW, Dawson M, Wilson a frequency had increased again, but did not reach pre-symptomatic! Be slowly closed using the articulated tensioning device in order to prevent medial hinge fracture and should be avoided might! Femoral head through the center of the 19 patients, 8 completed both a pre-operative and post-operative survey.!, collected data, performed statistical analysis and drafted the protocol, data... Postoperative participation in high-impact sports was possible though less frequent compared to 12 in. Started participating in one or more sports postoperatively canal of the superior dome the...

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