hussein of jordan height
[88] Whereas in 1950 water, sanitation, and electricity were available to only 10% of Jordanians, at the end of his rule these had reached 99% of the population. [6], Abdullah's eldest son, Talal, was proclaimed King of Jordan. [63] Hussein agreed to an American request to join an international peace conference so that Jordan could start repairing its relationship with the United States and end its political isolation. [20] Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic (UAR) on 1 February 1958, with the Republic's presidency occupied by Nasser. [85] He was able to gain his country considerable political weight on a global scale despite its limited potential. [50] The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very close Hussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990,[50] and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. This money was used by the King to establish an intelligence service but was nevertheless criticized for being handled away from the government's supervision.[91]. [60] Iraq's invasion of Kuwait caught Hussein by surprise; he was the ACC chairman at that time, and a personal friend of Saddam's. [29] The incident drew fierce local criticism of Hussein amid feelings he had been betrayed by the Israelis; Hussein also suspected that Israel had changed its attitude towards Jordan and had intended to escalate matters in order to capture the West Bank. Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan Height, Weight & Measurements At 28 years old, Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan height not available right now. [10] Hussein's bold decisions were met with admiration at home and relations with Arab states improved. The prince is the oldest son of the late King Hussein bin Talal with his widow, Noor. [63] Hussein was referred to the Mayo Clinic in the United States after having urological problems; he had his left kidney removed after tests showed his ureter contained precancerous cells. [85] From an early age he had to shoulder a heavy responsibility. Hussein was 24 years old and recently divorced when he met Cabot, who gained moderate fame in the . [63], Hussein could not participate in the details of the talks, a task he handed to his brother Hassan. retrieved. "[67] Khaled Mashal recovered, but Jordan's relations with Israel deteriorated and Israeli requests to contact Hussein were rebuffed. [13] The parliamentary election held on 21 October 1956 saw the National Socialist Party emerge as the largest party, winning 12 seats out of 40 in the House of Representatives. While he might not be old enough to rent a car in . [85] He was the region's longest reigning leader, even though he was subject to dozens of assassination attempts and plots to overthrow him. [45] The plot did not deter Hussein from joining the summit, but at the end Jordan had to join all the Arab countries in recognizing the PLO as "the sole representative of the Palestinian people," a diplomatic defeat for Hussein. The former crown prince of Jordan, Prince Hamzah bin Hussein, says he has been placed under house arrest as part of a crackdown on critics. She was the fourth wife of the King. [22], In 1959, Hussein embarked on a tour to different countries to consolidate bilateral ties. If there are any worries it is Jordan that should be worried. He was then educated at Victoria College in Alexandria, Egypt. [85], Hussein considered the Palestinian issue to be the overriding national security issue, even after Jordan lost the West Bank in 1967 and after it renounced claims to it in 1988. "[77] Hussein returned and publicly criticized his brother Hassan's management of Jordanian internal affairs. [67] In 1998 Jordan refused a secret request from Netanyahu to attack Iraq using Jordanian airspace after claiming Saddam held weapons of mass destruction. 1 reference. In 1970, Hussein expelled Palestinian fighters (fedayeen) from Jordan after they had threatened the country's security in what became known as Black September in Jordan. Bowen 2003, p.26 (citing Amman Cables 1456, 1457, 11 December 1966, National Security Files (Country File: Middle East), LBJ Library (Austin, Texas), Box 146). [61] By 28 February 1991 the international coalition had successfully cleared Iraqi forces from Kuwait.[61]. [87] From the very start, Hussein concentrated on building an economic and industrial infrastructure to stimulate the economy and raise the standard of living. "[64], Jordan's signing of a peace treaty with Israel, and other issues, were met with disdain by Syria's president Hafez Al-Assad. Who is King Hussein of Jordan Dating? [34], By 7 June fighting led the Jordanians to withdraw from the West Bank, and Jerusalem's Old City and the Dome of the Rock were abandoned after desperate fighting. [64] This was the first time Hussein had been in Jerusalem since the 1967 war. [72], In October 1998 Bill Clinton invited Hussein, during his stay at the clinic for chemotherapy treatment, to attend the Wye Plantation talks after a stalemate was reached between the Israeli and Palestinian delegations. 2. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 - 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. If we look at water, it was a problem that both of us suffered from. [64] The latter system was introduced to limit the Islamist opposition's representation in the House of Representatives, by gerrymandering Palestinian majority areas and encouraging independents over partisan candidates. [52] In a televised speech on 1 August, Hussein announced the "severing of Jordan's legal and administrative ties with the West Bank," essentially surrendering claims of sovereignty over the West Bank. [37] It is believed that Israel had wanted to punish Jordan for its perceived support for the PLO. [37] The next day, a force from Syria with PLO markings started advancing towards Irbid, which the fedayeen declared a "liberated" city. [79] On Tuesday 2 February, the king received a bone marrow transplant, which failed. [63] The peace conference convened on 30 October 1991, with delegations representing all parties to the conflict, the United States and the Soviet Union as co-sponsors, and the United Nations as observer. [77] Hassan gracefully accepted the King's decision on television, and congratulated his nephew Abdullah on his designation as crown prince. King Hussein of Jordan ascended the throne in 1953, at the age of seventeen. [80] At 11:43 on 7 February, Hussein was pronounced dead. [10] One reprisal operation by Israel became known as the Qibya massacre; it resulted in the death of 66 civilians in the West Bank village of Qibya. [25] UAR agents assassinated Prime Minister Majali with a bomb planted in his office. [2] Hussein was the eldest among his siblings, three brothers and two sisters Princess Asma, Prince Muhammad, Prince Hassan, Prince Muhsin, and Princess Basma. [85] On one occasion before his death, he gave his fiercest critic a ride home from prison after having ordered his release. Hussein was married four separate times and fathered eleven children including King Abdullah II of Jordan. said the King, 'They can fly lower!' [48] When Saddam became president of Iraq in 1979, Hussein supported Saddam's IranIraq War that stretched from 1980 to 1988. H.M. King Abdullah II Ibn Hussein of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan; Statements. [78], On 25 January, the day after he proclaimed Abdullah as crown prince, Hussein returned abruptly to the United States, after experiencing fevers a sign of recurrent lymphoma. [50], On 11 April 1987, after Yitzhak Shamir became prime minister of Israel, Hussein engaged in direct talks with Shamir's foreign minister, Peres, in London. Until their divorce on 21 December 1971, she was the second wife of Hussein, the late King of Jordan. "[10] He annulled the Anglo-Jordanian treaty and replaced British subsidies with Arab aid. [25] Egyptian radios denounced Hussein as the "Judas of the Arabs. Paperback. Abdullah assigned Hussein a private tutor for extra Arabic lessons,[9] and Hussein acted as interpreter for his grandfather during his meetings with foreign leaders, as Abdullah understood English but could not speak it. [22] The Iraqi brigade's departure to Jordan gave the conspirators in Iraq, led by Brigadier Abd al-Karim Qasim, the opportunity to strike. King was born on November 14, 1935 in Amman, Jordan. Under his leadership, Jordan weathered all the crises, revolutions, violence and. King Hussein was the King of Jordan from 1952 until his death in 1999. [67] Several dissidents were imprisoned including Laith Shubeilat, a prominent Islamist. [61] He finished his tour by flying directly to Baghdad to meet Saddam, where he warned: "Make a brave decision and withdraw your forces; if you don't, you will be forced out. [37] On 13 October Hussein signed an agreement with Arafat to regulate the fedayeen's presence,[37] but the Jordanian army attacked again in January 1971. [37] PLO actions in Jordan culminated in the Dawson's Field hijackings incident on 10 September 1970, in which the fedayeen hijacked three civilian aircraft and forced their landing in Zarqa, taking foreign nationals as hostages, and later bombing the planes in front of the international press. [25] Assassination attempts against the king subsided after a successful coup toppled the Syrian regime on 28 September 1961 and the UAR collapsed. [67], In May 1998 Hussein, a heavy smoker, was admitted to the Mayo Clinic, but doctors were unable to diagnose his ailment. Crown Prince Hussein's fiance was raised in the Kingdom. "[32] In a meeting with American officials, Hussein, sometimes with tears in his eyes, said: "The growing split between the East Bank and the West Bank has ruined my dreams," and, "There is near despair in the army and the army no longer has confidence in me. [10] Nasserism (a socialist Pan-Arabist ideology) swept the Arab World in the 1950s, and the proposal to join the pact triggered large riots in the country. He was enthroned at the age of 17 on 2 May 1953. [22] Hussein, worried about a similar coup in Jordan, tightened martial law. [63] The 28-member delegation consisted of 14 Jordanians and 14 Palestinians. [2] A Palestinian assassin opened fire on Abdullah and his grandson, amid rumours that the King had been planning to sign a peace treaty with the newly established state of Israel. [72] Samih Batikhi, the director of the General Intelligence Directorate (mukhabarat), visited Hussein during his stay at the Mayo Clinic to keep him updated. Hussein of Jordan was born on November 14, 1935 (died on February 07, 1999, he was 63 years old) in Amman. Russian Wikipedia. [13], The parliament that had been elected in 1954 was dissolved, and Hussein promised fair elections. [46] Hussein only discussed with Meir what both already knew, that the Syrian army was on alert. Hussein was born in Amman . [17] Hussein reacted by imposing martial law. A photo posted by Queen Rania Al Abdullah (@queenrania) on May 22, 2016 at 12:12am PDT. As he was flying his own plane over Syria, it was intercepted by two Syrian jets that attempted to attack. [88] In 1960 only 33% of Jordanians were literate; by 1996 this number had climbed to 85.5%. and went below tree top level just skimming along on the ground. Not to be confused with. Princess Iman bint Abdullah is the 1st daughter and 2nd child of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania of Jordan. [75] Doctors advised him to rest and stay in England for a few weeks, as he was still too fragile to travel. [85], He was also seen as too lenient toward some ministers who were alleged to be corrupt. [23] Al-Shar'a was tried and received the death penalty; Hussein reduced his sentence to life imprisonment. Hussein was born in Amman on 14 November 1935 to Crown Prince Talal and Princess Zein al-Sharaf. She is a Commissioner of the International Commission on Missing Persons, created at the 1996 G8 summit to promote reconciliation and conflict resolution after the Balkans war and now is the. [52] It called for Jordan rather than the PLO to represent the Palestinians; however, when Schultz contacted Hussein about the plan, he reversed his position and told him it was a matter for the PLO to decide. [47] Some see it as ironic that it was the same brigade that had been sent to deter the Syrian invasion during Black September in 1970. [51] He helped mobilize Arab support for Iraq against Iran, and for Jordan's peace efforts, and helped to end the decade-long Arab boycott of Egypt a boycott that began after it unilaterally signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1979. [85] The decision cost him half his kingdom and his grandfather's legacy. [55], A UN-brokered ceasefire became active in July 1988, ending the Iran-Iraq war. part of. The King renounced Jordan's ties to the West Bank in 1988 after the Palestine Liberation Organization was recognized internationally as the sole representative of the Palestinians. Born in 1935, Hussein became king at 18. Dating & Relationship status He is currently single. [25] One involved replacing his nose drops with strong acid. The survival of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is King Hussein's greatest achievement and enduring legacy. [63] Hussein then replaced Al-Masri with his conservative cousin Zaid ibn Shaker. It was thereupon reported that Hussein had suffered internal organ failure, and was in critical condition. [95] He was popular in the amateur radio community and insisted that fellow operators refer to him without his title. King Hussein dies. [29] Israeli writer Avi Shlaim argues that Israel's disproportionate retaliation exacted revenge on the wrong party, as Israeli leaders knew from their coordination with Hussein that he was doing everything he could to prevent such attacks. He was at . Explore Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan net worth, bio, age, height, family, wiki, birthday, career, salary [Last Update 2021]! [63] The Accords were held in secrecy between Arafat and Rabin without Hussein's knowledge, completely marginalizing Jordan and the Palestinian-Jordanian delegation in Washington. instance of. He acted as a conciliatory intermediate between various Middle Eastern rivals, and came to be seen as the region's peacemaker. [85] He entrusted some of them with senior posts in the government. [18] Although he eventually relaxed some of these measures, namely military curfews and severe press censorship, Hussein's moves significantly curtailed the constitutional democracy that existed in Jordan in the mid-1950s. [44], Egypt and Syria launched the Yom Kippur War against Israel in the Sinai and in the Golan Heights on 6 October 1973 without Hussein's knowledge. [10] Britain, Turkey, and Iraq were members of the pact, and Jordan was pressured by Britain to join. "[27] The Palestinian nationalist organization Fatah started organizing cross-border attacks against Israel in January 1965, often drawing Israeli reprisals on Jordan. [45] The relationship between Jordan and the United States deteriorated when Jordan refused to join the Camp David Accords. [10] "I did not need to open it to know that my days as a schoolboy were over," Hussein later wrote in his memoirs. [50] Jordan announced a $1.3billion five-year development plan for the West Bank, in a bid to enhance its image in the West Bank residents at the expense of the PLO. [52], The orchestrators of the Intifada were the Unified National Leadership of the Uprising, which issued its 10th communiqu on 11 March 1988, urging its followers to "intensify the mass pressure against the [Israel] occupation army and the settlers and against collaborators and personnel of the Jordanian regime. [88] UNICEF statistics show that between 1981 and 1991, Jordan had achieved the world's fastest annual rate of decline in infant mortality from 70 deaths per 1,000 births in 1981 to 37 per 1,000 in 1991, a drop of over 47%. Maybe others could, others who were distant, who were not equally aware or involved. At first, Israeli leaders were dismissive of his inexperience and gave short odds for his longevity. Hussein bin Talal (Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 - 7 February 1999) reigned as King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death.According to Hussein, he was a 40th-generation direct descendant of Muhammad as he belonged to the Hashemite family which has ruled Jordan since 1921.. Hussein was born in Amman as the eldest child of Talal bin . [63] Hussein's moves towards democratization in 1989 and his stance during the 1990 Gulf War had won him considerable popularity across Jordan's political spectrum. [55] Although most members of the commission were regime loyalists, it included a number of opposition figures and dissidents. [50] Around the same time, Hussein met Israel prime minister Shimon Peres on 19 July 1985 in the United Kingdom, where Peres assented to the accord, but later the rest of his government opposed it due to the PLO's involvement. Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty King Hussein Ibn Talal of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. He is an actor, known for West Wing Week (2010), 20 heures le journal (1981) and Menschen und Mchte (1963). Rajwa, 28, is the youngest daughter of Saudi businessman Khalid bin Musaed bin Saif bin Abdulaziz al-Saif and his wife, Azza bint Nayef Abdulaziz Ahmed al-Sudairi. 1 Min Read AMMAN (Reuters) - Queen Noor, widow of the late King Hussein of Jordan, described as "wicked slander" on Saturday allegations by the authorities against her son, the former Crown. [70] However, the crackdown led the opposition groups in Jordan to boycott the 1997 parliamentary elections. [64] On 25 July 1994 Rabin and Hussein appeared at the White House and signed the Washington declaration, which announced the "end of the state of belligerency. [50] The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. [80] The crowds chanted his name, some weeping, others holding his pictures. [25] The expedition was cancelled amid British opposition and the weakened state of the Royal Jordanian Air Force. [26], Hussein later stated that during one of his meetings with Israeli representatives: "I told them I could not absorb a serious retaliatory raid, and they accepted the logic of this and promised there would never be one. [60] After informing the American president George H. W. Bush of his intention to travel to Baghdad to contain the situation,[60] Hussein travelled to Baghdad on 3 August for a meeting with Saddam; at the meeting, the latter announced his intention to withdraw Iraqi troops from Kuwait only if Arab governments refrained from issuing statements of condemnation, and no foreign troops were involved. After completing secondary school. [22] Golda Meir, an Israeli politician who would later become prime minister, was reported in 1958 as saying: "We all pray three times a day for King Hussein's safety and success. biography/Abdullah-II. [10] The country was poor in natural resources, and had a large Palestinian refugee population resulting from the war the annexation of the West Bank had made Palestinians two-thirds of the population, outnumbering Jordanians. He had been one of the main forces for stability in a turbulent Middle East. He is not dating anyone. [20] It also emerged in Jordan that the UAR was planning to overthrow both Hashemite monarchies in July 1958. Harrowing Facts About Hussein, The King Of Jordan. [50] Around the same time, Hussein became troubled after he heard that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. Every aspect of life was interrelated and interlinked in some way or another. [60] The Iraqi-Jordanian relationship developed into the Arab Cooperation Council (ACC), which also included Egypt and Yemen, on 16 February 1989, serving as a counter to the Gulf Cooperation Council. [60], On 6 August American troops arrived at the Kuwait-Saudi Arabian border, Saddam's conditions were ignored, and Hussein's role as mediator was undermined. [22] Devastated, Hussein ordered a Jordanian expedition led by Sharif Nasser to reclaim the Iraqi throne,[22] but it was recalled after it was 150-mile (241km) inside Iraq. More Media & Press Crown Prince meets Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed in Abu Dhabi Crown Prince meets Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed in. [63] But when Hussein replaced his conservative prime minister, Mudar Badran, with liberal Palestinian Taher Al-Masri, who was in favor of peace negotiations with Israel, the Muslim Brotherhood Jordan's main opposition group, who at that time occupied 22 out of 80 seats in the House of Representatives, and whose members and support came mostly from Palestinians in the country vehemently rejected the new prime minister by voting against him during the vote of confidence. [10] Hussein was proclaimed king on 11 August 1952, succeeding to the throne three months before his 17th birthday. "[69] His gesture was received very warmly in Israel, and Hussein sent the families $1million in total as compensation for the loss of life. [73] Hussein, who looked bald and weakened, arrived and urged both Arafat and Netanyahu to overcome the obstacles. His Majesty King Abdullah on Thursday laid the foundation stone for the King Hussein Cancer Centre's (KHCC) King Abdullah II ibn Al Hussein Building Biography. [81], The UN General Assembly held an Emergency Special Session in "Tribute to the Memory of His Majesty the King of Jordan" on the same day. [35] Nasser and Hussein, recognizing their defeat, sought to work together towards a more moderate stance. [26] His secret rapprochement with Israel was followed by a public rapprochement with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1964, which bolstered Hussein's popularity both in Jordan and in the Arab world. [55] The cabinet passed amendments to the electoral law that removed articles dealing with West Bank representation. Rania is a strong progressive female voice in the Arab world and a powerful. [28] One such reprisal was the Samu Incident, an attack launched by Israel on 13 November 1966 on the Jordanian-controlled West Bank town of As-Samu after three Israeli soldiers were killed by a Fatah landmine. [55] The Jordanian dinar lost a third of its value in 1988, and Jordan's foreign debt reached a figure double that of its gross national product (GNP). Nasser died the following day of a heart attack. He died at the age of 63 from cancer in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son, Abdullah II. Also known as "The Butcher of Baghdad," his long reign was vicious and barbaric. If we look at even a flu epidemic, it affected both of us. [61] Saddam then announced that his invasion had become "irreversible," and on 8 August he annexed Kuwait. Timothy served a prison sentence for involuntary manslaughter and died in 2003.[100]. "[61] Saddam was adamant but agreed to Hussein's request to release Western nationals who were being held as hostages. "[25] But critics considered the slogan mere lip service, saying Hussein showed little interest in the economic situation of the country, unlike the military and foreign relations aspects. Discover King Hussein's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. [98] In a 1999 interview Henry Kissinger described being flown by Hussein, saying that "he was a daring pilot, and he would be zooming along at treetop level, and my wife, in order to be politely insistent would say, 'You know I didn't know helicopters could fly so low.' [6] Hussein was also shot, but the bullet was deflected by a medal on his uniform that his grandfather had given him. Avi Shlaim's Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace is the first major account one of the most important figures in the turbulent history of the Middle East. Hussein bin Talal ( Arabic: , Al-usayn ibn all; 14 November 1935 - 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999. [52] In a meeting in November 1988 the PLO accepted all United Nations resolutions and agreed to recognize Israel. He attended Victoria College in Alexandria, Egypt, and Harrow School in England, and later attended the Royal Military Academy of Sandhurst, England. [45] Between 10 September and 6 October, Hussein secretly met with Israeli prime minister Golda Meir in Tel Aviv on 25 September. It is the courage to meet the adversary, his attitudes and arguments, the courage to face hardships, the courage to bury senseless illusions, the courage to surmount impeding obstacles, the courage to engage in a dialogue to tear down the walls of fear and suspicion. "[67] Jordanian authorities requested Netanyahu to provide an antidote to save Mashal's life, but Netanyahu refused to do so. Hussein was born in Amman as the eldest child of . The parents of King Hussein of Jordan are Talal of Jordan, Zein Al-Sharaf Talal. [35] Al-Aqsa mosque is the third holiest site in Islam, believed to be where Muhammad ascended to heaven. I really did not know how much more Hussein could take. [17] In either case, Abu Nuwar and other senior Arabist officers resigned and were allowed to leave Jordan for Syria, where they incited opposition to the Jordanian monarchy. [37], In a speech to the Jordanian parliament on 15 March 1972, Hussein announced his "United Arab Kingdom" plan. . Jordan fought three wars with Israel under Hussein, including the 1967 Six-Day War, which ended in Jordan's loss of the West Bank. [61] Jordan dispatched an armored division to its borders with Iraq, and Hussein's eldest son Abdullah was in charge of a Cobra helicopter squadron. King Hussein of Jordan: On A Knife Edge is the second of a two-part series telling the story of Jordan's King from 1952 to his death in 1999. Full body measurements, dress & shoe size will be updated soon. His biography is available in 61 different languages on Wikipedia (down from 62 in 2019). [52] Jordanian policy on the West Bank had to be reconsidered following renewed fears that Israel would revive its proposal for Jordan to become an "alternative Palestinian homeland. King Hussein believed in keeping peace and opposed war since he believed it was pointless. [23] Sadiq Al-Shar'a, an army general who accompanied Hussein to the United States, was found to have been plotting a coup against the monarchy. Sensational. [88], Hussein established the Al-Amal medical center in 1997, a clinic specializing in cancer treatment in Jordan. 8 February 1999", "DEATH OF A KING: THE AMERICANS; Clinton Lauds King Hussein As Man of Vision and Spirit", "Expansion of KHCC to put centre on regional map director", "Abdullah II | Biography, Education, Family, History, & Facts", "International sports community pays tribute to FEI Honorary President HRH Princess Haya", "HRH Princess Haya Biog The Official Website of HRH Princess Haya Bint Al Hussein", "The Radio Society of Harrow Dedication to JY1", "Crown Prince announces launch of first Jordanian mini satellite", "Defendant May Be Son of Hussein, Lawyer Says: Accused of Murdering Actress Mother in '86", "New CIA documents show Jordan's King Hussein had lovechild with American Jewish actress", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hussein_of_Jordan&oldid=1138248004, Hussein bin Talal bin Abdullah bin Hussein, This page was last edited on 8 February 2023, at 18:40. [2] Faisal was then King of Hashemite Iraq, but was under regency since he was the same age as Hussein. [65] In Israel, Shimon Peres of the leftist Labor Party and Benjamin Netanyahu of the right-wing Likud party, were competing for the post of prime minister. 'Oh!' [67] Two Mossad agents followed Mashal to his office and injected poison into his ears, but they were caught by Mashal's bodyguard. [4] Hussein claimed to be an agnatic descendant of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and her husband Ali, the fourth caliph, since Hussein belonged to the Hashemite family, which had ruled Mecca for over 700 years until its 1925 conquest by the House of Saud and has ruled Jordan since 1921. "[87], During his 46-year-reign, Hussein, who was seen as a charismatic, courageous, and humble leader, became widely known among Jordanians as the "builder king.
