activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answer key
HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. Figure 8. and S waves depends on the distance from the epicenter of the answer the following question. Last updated November 26, 2013. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. and S waves to travel any distance up to 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. m>r/Q[6 By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. %PDF-1.4 % ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. Do you agree with this alignment? Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory 0000010002 00000 n 0000031066 00000 n Triangulation and Magnitude: Student pairs complete the worksheet, which includes following a tutorial/simulation accessed through the Earthquakes Living Lab. Most of these earthquakes are small tremors that cant be felt by people, but occasionally an earthquake occurs on a large magnitude that causes millions of dollars in property damage and kills hundreds to thousands of people. Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Content Outline Earthquakes For Teaching - Mrs. Parsiola's Homepage, Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers, Earthquake Facts & Worksheets | Mechanism, Impact, Events, Quiz & Worksheet - Causes Of Earthquakes - Study.com, 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key | PDF - Scribd, Bill Nye-The Science Guy * - Biloxi Public Schools, psc plus two level preliminary exam syllabus pdf 2023, first tuesday real estate principles exam answers, ies exam pattern for mechanical engineering, resultados examen practico dgt las palmas, exame de sangue precisa de quanto tempo de jejum, sslc question paper 2023 karnataka pdf with answers social science, examen de formacion civica y etica tercer grado secundaria, ctet exam date 2023 application form last date, why is it important to do self breast exams, quanto tempo depois de infectado pelo hiv aparece no exame. Therefore, the lag 0000098546 00000 n velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the 0000103591 00000 n Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. 0000001736 00000 n In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g., by state; within source by type; e.g., science or mathematics; 0000115324 00000 n HtA1D41`s(GME$Ke*YdEOYf2-:r. Do you agree with this alignment? BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream HTAn 1. Great exercise for Regents Earth Science. question 1 of 3. 0000006011 00000 n (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). All the arcs should intersect at a common point - the epicenter. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves Key Concepts . to the lag time measured at this location? 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence While no one can predict earthquakes, knowing the intensities, frequencies and locations of past earthquakes and fault planes helps us to better anticipate the locations and forces to expect, so we can do our best to prepare our communities and infrastructure to withstand them safely. 1. To complete the activity, some prior . Reading Strategy. Now on the main page of the Earthquakes Living Lab website (see Figure 2), note the featuring of four active seismic areas and the mapping of real-time and current data from earthquakes happening around the world. Develop a solution to a technological problem that has the least negative environmental and social impact. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. miles from the epicenter of an This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. Explain the difference between S and P waves, and how their time interval is used to determine the epicenter location. Students learn what causes earthquakes, how we measure and locate them, and their effects and consequences. Figure 13.10). Sixty-seven people lost their lives, and property damage was estimated at $6 billion. distance from transducer to the focal point. Using 3 seismograms the students will be able to triangulate the epicenter of an earthquake. 3000 miles. How does the lag time change as you get farther and The earthquake occurred somewhere along that circle. trailer <<0444DE89825047A1A483C62E98F50868>]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 114 0 obj <>stream consider a seismograph stationed 3, Even though the scale formulae are different, MMS retains the familiar continuum of magnitude values defined by the older scale. 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. The vertical lines, spaced one Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Y$Kr;V6[;Dq vg~cx:A[^jCssupwD endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>stream While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. The farther away the epicenter is, the greater the difference . Since the 1970s, the use of the Richter magnitude scale has largely been replaced in the scientific community by the moment magnitude scale (MMS). Contact the teacher to find out the length of the class period, as well as how many copies of handouts and sets of materials you need to bring. Note the differences in Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . For this activity, select the "Chile" box. activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter The Science of Earthquakes | U.S. Geological Survey An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one . The USGS and its partners monitor and report earthquakes, assess earthquake impacts and hazards, and . The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 6. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. 0000001862 00000 n 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). What data is used to determine magnitude? Another method of locating an earthquake is to use the P-wave arrival-time minus origin-time (P - O) interval instead of distance. Three seismographs are needed. earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University Triangulation to Locate an Earthquake By Earthquake Hazards Original Thumbnail Medium Detailed Description Triangulation can be used to locate an earthquake. Looking at the nomogram, students click on each location data point to see where the three lines intersect to read the estimated magnitude. Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video - shake, shake, shake. Answer Key: Lab 5 Earthquakes - Find People EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves . Resources. Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. 0000033429 00000 n 0000004511 00000 n Add to FlexBook Textbook. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Figure 2 is a seismic wave travel-time Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. The lag time for any This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). The seismometers are shown as green dots. MS-ESS3-2. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. $8.25. This section explains what earthquakes and faults are and what causes earthquakes. technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. Privacy Policy, Seismograms from seismic stations in Fresno, CA, Phoenix, AZ, and Las Vegas, NV, A modified travel time curve for S-P wave, A Modified Travel Time Curve for S-P Wave. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), 0000001675 00000 n www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. Share with Classes. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. Use this information to complete the following. Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. 0000055643 00000 n Every year, earthquakes cause death and destruction worldwide. CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance. DocHub v5.1.1 Released! 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. Describe the process of triangulation to locate an epicenter. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D In order to determine the location of an earthquake epicenter, seismographsfrom at least three different places are needed for a particular event. Focal Depth. 0000001893 00000 n First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). Mr Gneiss. 1. 500p;333aXb3 \a.1. If you can't find an answer to your question, please contact us. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. Through the online Earthquakes Living Lab, student pairs explore various types of seismic waves and the differences between shear waves and compressional waves. It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. Subjects: (from left to right). It travels faster than the same earthquake's S wave (almost double the speed) and is similar to sound waves. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. inch = 500 km. (Grades Geology Labs On-Line, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA. S waves. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). You will receive your score and answers at the end. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. 13. The process is called triangulation. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. 0000001143 00000 n Do limits exist on what science can predict? 0000078100 00000 n Overhead transparency of each of the handouts, Overhead projector (contact classroom teacher about this) and screen, Optional: overhead transparency or PowerPoint of, What do you know about the causes and impacts of Earthquakes? Locating an Epicenter Activity - Arkansas Geological Survey See Answer. at that station. Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. 0000002658 00000 n The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and the last measurable Triangulation is required to determine exactly where it happened. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions. Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. 0000053998 00000 n Virtual Earthquake (tutorial/simulation) 1996. Earthquakes occur along faults, which are cracks in the Earths crust that build tension. PDF. First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. The distance is in kilometers. from the epicenter will be 14 8. Though they may weaken with distance, seismographs are sensitive enough to still detect these waves. important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. 0000002840 00000 n Apr 8, 2020 One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. %PDF-1.3 % Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. They use three seismographs in a process called triangulation to determine earthquake epicenters. directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. 0000001777 00000 n As discussed earlier in this lesson, this method of determining the epicenter of an . Learn from this informative and clear video.Brought you by award-winning Once each student has constructed his or her circle on the map, mark with an X, the epicenter of the earthquake. Add to Library. 0000004457 00000 n What data is used to determine magnitude? Success is figuring out that the epicenter is just off the coast of Chile, where the three circles intersect. The longer the time between the arrival of the P-wave and S-wave, the farther away is the epicenter. 17 Station St., Ste 3 Brookline, MA 02445. Success is figuring out that the estimated magnitude is 5.9. 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. This activity is designed around the Earthquakes Living Lab, a resource and online interface that uses real-time U.S. Geological Survey seismic data from around the world. 0000003966 00000 n 9 - hbbd``b`$C`q9 X_$_g`bdxc`X Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes ActivityWorksheet Example Answers 4 now big earthquakes are measured using the moment magnitude scale; both scales essentially rank the power (energy release) of the earthquake. For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. What is the time lag for the Seattle, Washington, seismic station? Section A - Operator Information 1. How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? A circle is drawn from each of the three different seismograph locations, where the radius of each circle is equal to the distance from that station to the epicenter. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. The answer is the San Andreas Fault. (Grades 9 - 12). As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. So next, students compute the magnitude of this same earthquake by looking at the three simplified seismograms again, but this time selecting each's maximum S wave amplitude (height). Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. This opens a new window to Michigan Techs UPSeis informational site about earthquakes and seismology. 1. 9 - Take a few minutes to read the information on the left side of this page for the 2010 earthquake off the coast of central Chile. Quick Tips. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . aqmd. Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. Legal. What did it feel like? If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. 0000078169 00000 n n{6c&6NK*U;=9i%nF 0000002094 00000 n It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. Upload a document. Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. time for any point that is 3,000 miles Scientists use triangulation to find the epicenter of an earthquake. located 1,000 miles from the Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter, The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are P, waves, Swaves, and Surface waves. P wave. The American Geosciences Institute represents and serves the geoscience community by providing collaborative leadership and information to connect Earth, science, and people. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. different types of seismic waves. %PDF-1.5 % How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, how would it compare Sign, fax and printable from PC, iPad, tablet or mobile with pdfFiller Note-taking Worksheet. (Figure 3):. (i. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. (Grades 61 33 Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. 0000079769 00000 n Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. Many updates and improvements! 0000001396 00000 n [N'. In this 1-to-10 logarithmic scale, each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Copyright 2023. When seismic data is collected from at least three different locations, it can be used to determine the epicenter by where it intersects.
