iv drug compatibility list

COMPATIBILITY OF DRUGS COMBINED IN A SYRINGE. Examples include: A transient precipitation formed upon mixing but then disappeared. As a general guide, line compatibility of different drugs often depends on the pH of the drugs concerned. A method to determine hospital costs associated with nosocomial infections (transl), Ann Ig 2007; 19(4): 381-392http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17937330. any changes or additional incompatibilities. Intravenous (IV) administration of many sterile drug products requires admixture preparation using a diluent, brief storage in an IV container, and dosing through an infusion . From a single drug to multiple drugs is shown in a clear easy to read format. A cost evaluation of the risk can be done by assigning costs to their related clinical treatment and resulting extended length of stay. (2005) Medication errors in intravenous drug preparation and administration: a multicentre audit in the UK, Germany and France. When two drug solutions are mixed together the absence of a visible reaction does not exclude degradation of either drug. administration of intravenous (IV) medication to neonates. Latest news, evidence and CPD opportunities. In some cases, the manufacturer recommends administration of the undiluted drug. endstream endobj 11 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <> endobj 13 0 obj <>stream Wolters Kluwer is a global provider of professional information, software solutions, and services for clinicians, nurses, accountants, lawyers, and tax, finance, audit, risk, compliance, and regulatory sectors. 2. Use of appropriate in-line filters can reduce influx of particles which result from incompatibilities. hbbd``b`^$K7Hp8u 9*AvH v5 uDd| [$x@@5 l)^ $v V+ D21dg&Fs )@ 4 endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 639 0 obj <>stream View answers to our most frequently asked question. Eur J Clin Pharmacol; 59(11): 815-7, 11 Cousins, B Sabatier, D Begue, C Schmitt, and T Hoppe-Tichy. Lexicomp Trissels IV Compatibility Databases. Let us drive innovation in medical technology together. %%EOF Chemical stability studies, however . Incompatibility between infusion-bolus was found to be 26.6%. Table. Reasonable care is taken to provide accurate information at the time of creation. J Res Pharm Pract; (1): 37-40, 4 Vijayakumar A, Sharon EV, Teena J, Nobil S, Nazeer I. Drug pairs with conflicting compatibility results may often have different concentrations used or other differences to account for the variability. Procedure Details Adverse effects of drug incompatibilities extend periods of patients hospitalization and the total costs for hospitals. The most prominent example of a pH-related reduction in solubility is dilution of phenytoin sodium injection. Incompatibility between infusion-bolus was . Do Not Copy, Distribute or otherwise Disseminate without express permission. You can't just ignore the problem and hope the wound heals itself. A number of references, in addition to the manufacturer's product information, are available. Definitions for the following types of compatibility testing are as follows: Y-site Compatibility - A single drug that is administered simultaneously at a Y-site connection with another drug in a solution Solution Compatibility - A single drug in a solution Admixture Compatibility - Two drugs in a solution The water solubility of any drug is enhanced by ionisation of the molecule. No change in visible or electronically determined particulates, haziness or turbidity, frank precipitation, color, or evolution of a gas. iv drug compatibility chart Many don't know how to do it. We specialize in unifying and optimizing processes to deliver a real-time and accurate view of your financial position. The following statements are either true or false. Jonathan Petersen. medication compatibility chart Crit Care Nurse. Apply judgment in using these results. Reference texts can provide information, but data are often unavailable for new drugs. Click on "Trissel's IV Compatibility" to open the module. Individual labelling for each drug preparation (including drug, concentration, patient name). Read in online version de INTRAVENOUS COMPATIBILITY CHART - Drug Information For The .. Download page 1-6 in FlipHTML5. An internet connection is not required, allowing you to make decisions with confidence at anytime, from anywhere. PVC) or medical devices, which can concern the nature of the material used and/or reactions at the inner surface (e.g. Refer to drug manufacturer's labeling and use instructions for recommendations, USP <797>, and applicable institution policy for shelf life and sterility information of reconstituted product and admixture device compatibility. Acyclovir NO Albumin ? To view compatibility results for a list of drugs, enter multiple IV drugs and/or solutions then click "Analyze". Prescription and OTC drugs (over 100,000 drug products), 900+ nutraceuticals, including herbal medicines, Presented in prescriptive, immediately actionable bullet points for busy clinicians and students. We apologize for any inconvenience. Enter one drug and click View compatibility. The default compatibility result will display the solution compatibilities for the IV Drug searched. Qual Saf Health Care; 14(3): 190-195, 12 Riemann T, Schrder F. (2005) More effective prevention of incompatibility reactions through the use of four lumen central venous catheters in critically ill patients. -nF1tih$HPCQ7rGceww~@3HWw!n,GE,"? In some cases, the manufacturer recommends administration of the undiluted drug. Precipitation of a drug from its concentrated injection solution when it is diluted with water or saline is counter-intuitive. Enabling organizations to ensure adherence with ever-changing regulatory obligations, manage risk, increase efficiency, and produce better business outcomes. %%EOF The King Guide is available everywhere, so we designed our subscriptions to be flexible. The selected drug(s) and solution(s) will populate the Selected Items in the left pane. In dialog with B. Braun. 9814 0 obj <>stream The compatibility results are presented in a chart or list view, with the default chart view displaying all methods within the fields for the selected drugs and solutions. Indeed, phenytoin injection is so incompatible that it should generally not be mixed with any other solution. In this guide, infusion durations are for 24 hours. IBM Micromedex IV Compatibility (Mobile) IBM Micromedex Mobile IBM Micromedex Neofax (Mobile) IBM Micromedex Neofax and Pediatrics IBM Micromedex Pediatrics (Mobile) IBM Micromedex RED BOOK IBM Micromedex UltiMedex Clinical Knowledge Hours of Operation Micromedex Support is available 24/7. The cost can be calculated using the average daily costof the expected clinical treatment. Some incompatibilities are eminently predictable from simple chemical knowledge, but most compatibilities and incompatibilities are not so easily predicted. Objective: To test the compatibility of intravenous (IV) lactated Ringer's injection (LR) with 94 injectable (IV) drugs during simulated Y-site administration.Methods: Ninety-four IV drugs were investigated for compatibility with LR (Baxter). When a drug or solution name is in the Selected Items section, a link to the Trissels monograph for that drug/solution will be displayed. List several factors that affect compatibility and stability of an intravenous solution. This can include the rinsing of the infusion system with a neutral IV solution prior to the application of another drug. Search for and click on a drug 2. Many injectable drugs cannot be mixed together in syringes or infusions. Premium IV-Administration Set with AirStop andPrimestop, Antimicrobial modified four-lumen catheter sets for catheterization of the vena cava according to the Seldinger method with the possibility of ECG based Central Venous Catheter tip placement and position control, 0.2 m infusion filter with positively charged membrane, Stopcock system for infusion therapy and monitoring. Indications of use may also vary by country and region. The Australian recommendations for the use of antibiotics in the prevention of endocarditis have been revised by Therapeutic Guidelines. drug, chemical substance, nutrition) resulting in a solution that is no longer optimal for the patient after the substances are mixed.1,3, (1) Taxis K, Barber N. (2004) Incidence and severity of intravenous drug errors in a German hospital. Search our global job market for interesting job profiles. Consistently checking alternative modes of administration and/or using multi-lumen catheters. Many institutions and schools subscribe to Micromedex products, which translates into free access for you. Drug Name Dose &/or Ranges Administration Compatibility Precautions Adenosine (adenocard) First dose 6mg, repeat within 1-2 minutes at . Such circumstances include: The decision to mix drugs should not be made without knowledge of their compatibility. Drugs administered to patients receiving PN should be given through a separate IV site or catheter lumen. q.pD&abjlurtMh""?7u9 eo:jWCIY#%E;%;ZgqvPWy{d&pk0k;%s*%@=)e cI2mJ2(zTv$5hu -d0)&2`\ I9d. drugs and materials of IV containers (e.g. Practical information, tools and resources for health professionals and staff to help improve the quality of health care and safety for patients. You can also view different drugs and solutions that are compatible by clicking the drop-down arrows. rtPLf/qZCF{AR1$gx4sB= All drug components in the test samples were found to be chemically stable (less than 10% loss of intact drug) for at least 24 hours under the conditions being tested. Search fields self-populate with brand and generic drug names as you type, and compatibility results are instantly generated as you build your drug list. When this occurred, "incompatible" was used. Drugs in Syringe Compatibility Y-Site Injection Compatibility (1:1 Mixture) Additionally, in some cases one brand of product may be compatible but another brand of drug is not. Discover your career opportunities at B. Braun. In general, drugs should not be added to parenteral nutrition, or to blood products. Other drugs which demonstrate solubility problems and which are formulated in injection vehicles other than simple aqueous solutions include digoxin, clonazepam, phenytoin, amiodarone and phytomenadione. Copyright 2022 - King Guide Publications, Inc. - All rights reserved. endstream endobj startxref Micromedex IV Compatibility is a reliable resource for on-the-go access to the industry's . Checklist: Top 25 software capabilities for planning, profitability and risk in the banking industry, Optimizing balance sheets and leveraging risk to improve financial performance, How the EU Foreign Subsidies Regulation affects companies operating in the single market, Understanding why companies have to register to do business in another state, Industry experts anticipate less legislation, more regulation for 2023. IV Drug Compatibility 12+ ITDCS Ltd Designed for iPad 1.3 16 Ratings $2.99 Screenshots iPad iPhone This application provides the healthcare profession with a method of quickly checking the compatibility of any two of the following intravenous drugs at the Y-site: Acetylcysteine Adrenaline Alfentanil Aminophylline Amiodarone Aprotinin We streamline legal and regulatory research, analysis, and workflows to drive value to organizations, ensuring more transparent, just and safe societies. This application provides the healthcare profession with a method of quickly checking the compatibility of any two of the following intravenous drugs at the Y-site: Acetylcysteine. 6-Methylmercaptopurine (MMPR) A Abciximab Acetaminophen Acetazolamide Sodium Acetylcysteine ACTH Acyclovir Sodium Adenosine Alatrofloxacin Mesylate Albumin, Serum Human Alcohol, Ethyl On$a }; hb`````Jd GP#0p4 I@1C(h'w}E:+9g'O jdXP{ R 2: Estimation of possible additional costs as a consequence of complications caused by drug incompatibilities. Physical compatibility studies are the most common of all because they are easy to conduct. hb```f``9Abl,P&/ZTlb`Po&$s]/ User Interface: Upon launching the app, the user is brought to a simple to use screen where there is an alphabetical list of IV medications. Incompatibility can involve precipitation, ionic reactions, evolution of gas and denaturation of biological molecules. Table 3 shows the results. z Z}\3n g[z@@(~B7n$kR2bY8q+':ntv&=~UT}qog&p&G5mZ92}u`0eLQ'HY_4U)J#Zh} kY2m} vu&YoYjFxOK8b=fE&WJbJ" i\ M, u=UZ"UiCjJ; &0tOQsy pj/N&]W&/iqh&hIiM7DwZYm- j{jA[;N`9T`xk`U MM>)y@ofS5Nk5zv|\\)y9 ?;~20CLw}tb,G"5nDWyQ(EKQ}L%IzoJO*@z. Over 600 IV drugs with at-a-glance view of compatibility in 12 fluids. For example, some medications shouldn't be stored in PVC plastic containers. "_5ZIkcu 3 o(|pM,d7Ut_8=zjgRgQ:m ns{k&h{ pADpD.Ak,{i-D%6B_sX?\L1yy.z"$ oJ {4a:\y"9Hl/lDj:}zyGDMVZJ^ j&27. Only 212/820 (26%) co-infusions of drugs were compatible. The Fig. 0 Keep a compatibility chart handy in your medication room or on your medication cart (in . PflegenIntensiv; 2(1): 57, 13 Jack T, Boehne M, Brent BE, Hoy L, Kditz H, Wessel A, Sasse M. (2012)In-line filtration reduces severe complications and length of stay on pediatric intensive care unit: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Table 2: Compatible IV . IV Medication Safety: The right rate While your IV infusions will be programmed on your pump or by drops per minute, your IV push medications are given at the rate you push them. Other drugs which demonstrate solubility problems and which are formulated in injection vehicles other than simple aqueous solutions include digoxin, clonazepam, phenytoin, amiodarone and phytomenadione. Many of these may be due to differences in concentrations of either drug or in the solution diluent. Drug combinations are tested for compatibility in solution. Purpose/objectives: To examine the cause(s) and types of IV incompatibilities that can occur in the oncology population, to present information on commonly used oncologic medications, to identify resources available to nurses, and to provide specific interventions designed to prevent incompatibilities in various oncology settings. We coordinate your medical care when discharged from the hospital. Definitions for the following types of compatibility testing are as follows: The compatibility information presented is based on one of four (4) ratings: In the chart display, find detailed information about a specific pair of drugs and administration route by clicking on the compatibility type link within the table. Biological substances including blood products and insulin are prone to denaturation when exposed to variations in pH and osmolality. Incompatibility is an undesirable reaction that occurs between the drug and the solution, container or another drug. There B Bianca Paola 115 followers . Timely, independent, evidence-based information on new drugs and medical tests, and changes to the PBS and MBS. Y = compatible for at least 30 minutes P = provisionally compatible; give within 15 minutes P(5) = provisionally compatible; give within 5 minutes . A separate license is required for each facility location and we offer discounts for multiple licenses. The more medicines you take, the more difficult it can be to remember important information about them. PARENTERAL NUTRITION (PN) AND DRUG COMPATIBILITY The co-infusion of drugs and PN should be avoided. You can click on the compatibility icons in the list view to see the same study list and details. The two types of incompatibilities associated with intravenous administration are physical and chemical.1,2, A drug interaction describes the alteration of a drug effect due to the influence of another substance (i.e. PEPID has all the TOOLS to help you help others. Only limited material is available in the selected language. The problem is frequently observed when diazepam injection is diluted. Special Sections on Stability and Storage, Boxed Warning and Hazardous Drugs List and Identification, Proprietary and Generic Drug Names Included. 2 RCN (2010) Royal College of Nursing. Find the product you are looking for. To determine the physical intravenous Y-site compatibility of 19 commonly used medications at pediatric concentrations with 3 different types o . Each monograph reports the routes, dosages, temperatures, and containers used to determine compatibility and stability from fully referenced peer-reviewed primary sources. Eur J Clin Pharmacol; 59(11): 815-7, (2) Emami S, Hamishehkar H, Mahmoodpoor A, Mashayekhi S, Asgharian P. (2012) Errors of oral medication administration in a patient with enteral feeding tube. Step 2 Data sources: Published articles, nursing and pharmacology . Injectable diazepam should be diluted with four parts water to ensure it does not precipitate in the syringe. Intensive Care Med; 38(6):1 008-16, 14 Gianino MM, Vallino A, Minniti D, Abbona F, Mineccia C, Silvaplana P and Zotti CM. Rare side effects of Nitroglycerin IV include: none. 194 0 obj <>stream Select a second drug the same way (limited to 2 drugs) 3. Complete full text monographs report compatibility and stability for over 600 intravenous drugs. Medication compatibilities are concentration, temperature and light dependent. Morphine is frequently used for both acute pain and long-term chronic pain. Further publications showed that, depending on the ward type, up to 80% of IV drug doses were prepared with the wrong diluents.11. Adrenaline. Available as a single . PEPID helps healthcare professionals avoid adverse events encountered in administering intravenous drugs & solutions, and optimize IV management & preparation. 8. HK9D:E?FDg#{p*+ >^qnr YVNOBe/[\xwGj?LndXrn^-5 ,}c}ym)Ar&/(Z$$m{{}NYrT*#@-fI($y'[iRugP^2+ This information is not intended as a substitute for medical advice and should not be exclusively relied on to manage or diagnose a medical condition. The new ASHP Injectable Drug Information now delivers the same quality of information you expect from ASHP, but expanded to deliver more information you . When in contact with other fluids it precipitates as well. Making safe and wise decisions for biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and other specialised medicines. BHz8DOGvcPoHH~` iNJ2)uIarvCmWp(l 6%{k`7;I;B+ H& 4T "!U=/p aQ]N{iT2,&dOK.~;.u;Oyem~/Q_s(d;;HMYE -"bpVghUmM01@#nS|x5213$qHfd6hAH%icIsI5sR%> `$`S_?) To have the most complete information possible ASHP recommends multiple sources of IV drug information be available to hospital pharmacy. This reference contains standard dilutions including IV admixture drug concentration, infusion volumes, and infusion rates. Use the reset filter button to go back to the default view. Albumin ? Aminophylline IV Push IV Push IV Push IV Push IV bolus infuse over 20 -30 minutes not to exceed 25 mg/min; max concentration 25 mg/ml. Sodium bicarbonate and mannitol solutions should not be used as diluent for intravenous drug administration. Any change in pH towards the other end of the pH scale will reduce the proportion of ionised to un-ionised drug in solution and will therefore reduce the water solubility of the drug. Combinations of two, three or more of these drugs occasionally need to be co-administered via syringe driver. Critical Care Intravenous Drug Administration Guide For Use on ICU, HDU & CTCCU Page 1 of 44 April 2008 (For review April 2009) . The drug is formulated with non-aqueous solubilising agents and the solution is adjusted to a pH of 12. IV drug compatibility in critical care Abstract: Objectives: To analyze potential (in)compatibilities of intravenous drugs based on the scheduling prepared by the nursing team. Independent peer-reviewed journal providing critical commentary on drugs and therapeutics for health professionals, Provides health professionals with timely, independent and evidence-based information, Our new and ongoing programs for healthcare professionals. A recent warning has been issued about mixing calcium-containing solutions, including Hartmann's solution, with ceftriaxone causing the formation of the insoluble ceftriaxone calcium salt.1. To search on compatibility information, begin by typing the desired drug or solution name into the appropriate search box. We start 2023 with the following list of 603 injectable drugs currently found in the King Guide to Parenteral Admixtures Loose-Leaf, and Internet Editions. %PDF-1.5 % An independent peer-reviewed journal providing critical commentary on drugs and therapeutics. adsorption). Incorporation services for entrepreneurs. This trial version of the IV-Compatibility Checker is not currently being maintained and may not feature updated information. Over 600 IV drugs with at-a-glance view of compatibility in 12 fluids Over 3,200 primary source references Includes routes, dosages, temperatures, and containers used to determine compatibility and stability. However, published data are specific to the concentration, solvent, ambient temperature and sometimes the composition of the syringe or infusion bag. While some general principles can be applied to the mixing of injection solutions, they are fraught with exception and applicability varies with circumstance. In these formulations, dilution of the non-aqueous injection vehicle with water or saline may precipitate the drug. These monographs may include formulation or reconstitution information, stability and storage information, light effects, pH, and/or other details regarding the physical/chemical properties of the drug. Drugs typically given by IV Many different types of medications can be given by IV. (A blank space indicates no available data.) The salts of monovalent cations, such as sodium and potassium, are generally more soluble than those of divalent cations, such as calcium and magnesium. Incompatibilities of drugs in standard IV therapy can occur between: The unintended presence of precipitation and toxic products can cause various negative consequences for the patient. When both compatible and incompatible study results are available for the same drug pair. The syringe was then gently inverted several times to mix the solution and capped. The single user license allows access from any computer or device from any location and limits access to one person at a time while the site license allows access from an unlimited number of computers or devices. Alfentanil. NPS MedicineWise disclaims all liability (including for negligence) for any loss, damage or injury resulting from reliance on or use of this information. J Res Pharm Pract; (1): 37-40. Trissel LA. Intensive Care Med; 25(4): 353-9, 9 Vogel Kahmann I, Brki R, et al. Truven Health Analytics, the makers of Micromedex, have released multiple standalone apps, and one of them happens to be an IV compatibility checker. Aust Prescr 2008;31:98-101. https://doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2008.057, Changes to COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria, FAQs: use of COVID-19 oral antiviral agents in residential aged care, COVID-19 vaccination side effects: how to manage and when to report them, Chronic kidney disease: early detection and management, Mental health and young people: opportunities to empower and engage, Benzodiazepine dependence: reduce the risk, Mental health and young people: finding the path that works for you, Reducing your risk of benzodiazepine dependence, Administration of medicines to children: a practical guide, COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria update November 2022, Vericiguat (Verquvo) for persistent chronic heart failure with LVEF < 45%, COVID-19 oral antiviral PBS eligibility criteria update September and November 2022, Chronic kidney disease: a focus on early detection and management Quality use of medicines briefing paper. These changes are consistent with new international guidelines for endocarditis prophylaxis, which have generally reduced the indications for using antibiotics. If you really do court, make a point of conversation about your welfare and well-being. Integrate our IV compatibility tool into anyEMRorHITsystem to create customized alerts for incompatibilities, or create customized queries for any compatibility. One or more drug components in the test samples exhibited a loss of intact drug greater than 10% within 24 hours under the conditions being tested. (2014) A clinical study on drug-related problems associated with intravenous drug administration. Copyright 2021 GlobalRPH - Web Development by, IV Dilutions Medication Reference and Infusion Guidelines, Renal dosing for healthcare professionals, HONcode standard for trust- worthy health, Pediatric Oncology: Diagnosis And Prognosis Communication. Fig. Product images are for reference only. RICU: Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit, Subsequently, severe respiratory complications caused by toxic drug-drug interactions may lead to an additional cost for the healthcare provider of up to 56,670 per single case.14. All subscriptions provide for access from any computer, tablet or phone. Each sample was prepared in duplicate and performed at room temperature. In-line filters are able to retain solid particles of at least 0.2 m. @ %PDF-1.6 % 2 below shows the results of a calculation for selected examples of complications. Standards for Infusion Therapy. hb```,Q ea8p3$H``h Two observers performed visual evaluation independently immediately upon . With no software to install and no updates to apply practitioners are assured of having the latest and most up-to-date information available. saline IV Soln: dex/Na/K IV soln < 1 unit/mL heparin PN (NO heparin) PN (with heparin) intralipids (fats) alprostadil (PGE1) amiodarone: calcium CHLORIDE calcium GLUCONATE: Hawthorn, Vic. Y-SITE COMPATIBILITY & pH MONITORING, ADVERSE EFFECTS & COMMENTS Acetylcysteine Infusion for liver failure 15mg/kg loading dose then 7.5mg/kg over 24 hours for 5 days pH: 7 adjusted with sodium hydroxide. %PDF-1.6 % No more over sizedcharts. However, the evolution of gas is a normal part of the reconstitution of some drugs, notably ceftazidime. You can also check the IV compatibility of a single drug. You can use the IV Drugs/Solutions search bars on the left at any time to enter new drugs to be screened. Many medications will have a dose limit per minute such as phenytoin which is typically not to exceed 25mg/minute. The King Guide has been updated quarterly since 1971 and is an excellent addition to any drug information library with complete monographs for over 600 injectable drugs. ">(f`TagTq`OrNh,Zv@nVG @X5 t"6lBT10 4! While published compatibility data exist for insulins and some of the blood products, most recently marketed biological drugs such as infliximab, interferons and recombinant coagulation factors have no such data available and mixing with other drugs is not recommended. Do NOT use solutions where there is a visible change in colouration. To remove an individual drug or solution, click on the X next to the name. Drug Name Dose &/or Range Administration Compatibility Precautions Ketamine 1-2mg/kg Low dose for analgesia . Micromedex IV Compatability is a reliable resource for on-the-go access to the industry's most trusted clinical reference information, providing users with more informed treatment decisions at the point of care. BMJ Qual Saf; 20(12): 1027-34, 6 Hpner JH, Schulte A, Thiessen J, Knuf M, Huth RG. Get in touch with us. particulate emboli from crystallization and separation, tissue irritation due to major pH changes. B. Braun ensures high security standards throughout the product life cycle by using globally accepted standards. You can return to the Chart display by toggling back to Chart View. Amiodarone (Cordarone) IV Infusion IV Infusion IV Infusion: A-fib rate control only . The extent of the damage mainly depends on the patients condition (age, weight, nature, severity of the disease etc.) All Rights Reserved. Click "Get Compatibility" once both drugs are selected PEPID's IV Compatibility tool is included in any every clinical decision support suite Conversely, for a drug molecule which can lose a proton or hydrogen ion (a Lowry-Bronsted acid - usually a weak organic acid), ionisation is achieved by formulation in a high pH solution, usually as a sodium or potassium salt (for example, benzylpenicillin sodium). In one study, incompatibility was investigated in a pediatric intensive care ward showing that 3.4% of drug combinations were incompatible and thus potentially dangerous.7A life threatening nature was found for 26% of incompatibilities in an intensive care unit (ICU).8, Another survey collected 78 different medication regimes and found 15% with incompatibility reactions.9Taxis and Barber10reported that in the ICU clinical incompatibilities can contribute to 25% of medication errors.

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