largest company in transnistria

Flag of Transnistria (state).svg. The biggest public companies in the world have a total market cap of over $22.5 trillion, more than a fifth of the global GDP in 2021, according to the World Bank. In 2007, foreign experts working on behalf of the United Nations said that the historically low levels of transparency and continued denial of full investigations to international monitors have reinforced negative perceptions of the Transnistrian government, although recent co-operation by Transnistrian authorities may have reflected a shift in the attitude of Transnistria. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [139] The energy sector is dominated by Russian companies. Moldova and the Dniestr Region: Contest Past, Frozen Present, Speculative Futures? Bitcoin is the largest blockchain-based digital asset, with a market capitalization of $473.7 billion as of Feb. 19, 2023. Walmart had about 2.3 million employees in 2022, the highest of all companies worldwide that year. Transnistria, in English, also referred to as Pridnestrovie, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, is a de facto state in Eastern Europe that is internationally recognised as part of Moldova. A company controlled by businessmen from Transnistria has recently become the main mobile operator in the Crimean peninsula - a Ukrainian territory annexed by Russia in March 2014. Total revenue of the company in 2019 (in millions of dollars): 71,154. [citation needed]. [147], In November 2005 Ion Iovcev, the principal of a Romanian-language school in Transnistria and active advocate for human rights as well as a critic of the Transnistrian leadership, received threatening calls that he attributed to his criticism of the separatist regime. Most television and radio stations and print publication were controlled by Transnistrian authorities, which largely dictated their editorial policies and finance operations. [58][59], After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in March 2014, the head of the Transnistrian parliament asked to join Russia.[60][61][62]. !" It includes ten cities and towns, and 69 communes, with a total of 147 localities (counting the unincorporated ones as well). All UN member states consider Transnistria a legal part of the Republic of Moldova. [133][134] In November 2007, the total debt of Transnistria's public sector was up to US$1.64billion. "The false information being disseminated is aimed at creating panic and confusion among the residents of both banks of the Dniester [river]," the Moldovan MOD had stated. The security situation inside it is subject to the Joint Control Commission rulings. [137] In the early 2000s over 50% of the export went to the CIS, mainly to Russia, but also to Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova (which Transnistrian authorities consider foreign). Postal Service. largest company in transnistria. [114], Transnistria's government has supported the restoration and construction of new Orthodox churches. Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova, Kolsto, et al. However, as recently as 2005, registration hurdles were met with by some religious groups, notably the Jehovah's Witnesses. Recent weapons inspections were permitted by Transnistria and conducted by the OSCE. A cafe in Transnistria called Back in the USSR (MEE/Andrei Popoviciu) Tiraspol announced earlier this year its highest ever trade turnover with Russia of more than $820 million. Transnistria - officially called the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic by Moldova - is a narrow strip of land between Moldova and western Ukraine that is home to about 500,000 people. Misc. Germans accounted for 1,400 or 0.3% and Poles for 1,000 or 0.2%. The first three are oriented toward exports, while Inter RAO UES delivers gas to Transniester and Moldova. Most Bulgarians in Transnistria are Bessarabian Bulgarians, descendants of expatriates who settled in Bessarabia in the 18th19th century. We're bringing the voice of Ukraine to the world. The region can also be referred to in English as Trans-Dniester[30] or Transdniestria. [103] According to the Transnistrian authorities, on April 25 there was an attack on the premises of the Ministry for State Security and on the next day two transmitting antennas broadcasting Russian radio programs at Grigoriopol transmitter near the Ukrainian border were blown up. ", Cojocaru, Natalia. In the autumn of 2006, the Transnistrian leadership agreed to let an OSCE inspectorate examine the munitions and further access was agreed moving forward. Wells Fargo. Pixabay/Public Domain. Transnistria, which is also known as the Prednestrovian Moldavian Republic, is under the leadership of President Vadim Krasnoselsky. [120][121][122][bettersourceneeded] Some commentators, including Zbigniew Brzezinski, have even labelled it a mafia state. Number of employees worldwide (in 1,000s) Volkswagen (Germany) 671.21. Collectively the biggest companies in the world were responsible for$31.7 trillion in 2021, 4.8% less from 2020 - which was a record high of$33.3 trillion. "The Dniester Conflict: Between Irredentism and Separatism,", "Ukaz Prezidenta Soiuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik O Merakh po Normalizatsii Obstanovki v SSR Moldova,", "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki,", John O'Loughlin, Vladimir Kolossov & Gerald Toal, "Inside the post-Soviet de facto states: a comparison of attitudes in Abkhazia, Nagorny Karabakh, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, in, "Nezavisimaya Moldova", 25 October 1994; Informative Report of FAM of RM, nr.2, October 1994, pp. - the largest telecommunications operator on the territory of Pridnestrovie, -the best cognacs, wine and drinks of Tiraspol; - production of cotton fabrics, knitwear and ready-made garments; - production of electric and heat energy by cogeneration plants; - the latest achievements and technologies in sturgeon breeding; largest company in transnistria. PMR official statistics show that 91% of the Transnistrian population adhere to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, with 4% adhering to Roman Catholicism. It slipped two spots in the global rankings to #16. Sheriff, the biggest Transnistrian company, is suspected of mass money laundering on behalf of the Transnistrian government, which makes most of its profits through arms manufacturing with its high-security plants. Following a large scale privatisation process in the late 1990s,[117] most of the companies in Transnistria are now privately owned. ADVERTISEMENT Andrei Panici. About 14% of the population did not declare their nationality. According to the government of Transnistria, the 2007 GDP was 6789 mln ruble (appx US$799million) and the GDP per capita was about US$1,500. The biggest industrial companies in the US are involved in various sectors which include aerospace, lumber production, tools, defense, construction, waste management, cement and metal. These villages, along with Varnia and Copanca, near Bender and Tiraspol, are claimed by the PMR. It is convertible at a freely floating exchange rate but only in Transnistria. On 4 March, Transnistria responded by blocking the Moldovan and Ukrainian transport at the borders of Transnistria. Focus: Oil + Gas. Some notable and recent achievements of Novartis include the company being recognized as a Bronze COVID Champion in 2021 by the Learning Performance Institute. For example, the percentage of Russians grew from 13.7% in 1926 to 25.5% in 1989 and further to 30.4% in 2004, while the Moldovan population decreased from 44.1% in 1926 to 39.9% in 1989 and 31.9% in 2004. Armenia News - NEWS.am. According to their own financial interim report (PDF), the state-owned bank serves more than 9.2 million corporate clients and 590 million personal customers around the world. [123][124] These allegations are denied by the Transnistrian government, and sometimes downplayed by the officials of Russia and Ukraine.[125]. The present history of the region dates to 1990, during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was established in hopes that it would remain within the Soviet Union should Moldova seek unification with Romania or independence, the latter occurring in August 1991. It is stated that anyone can participate after having a medical examination. The capital city, which is also the largest, is Chiinu. The Japanese carmaker is one of only two Asian firms to make it into the top 20 transnational companies by assets; Honda, another carmaker, ranks 19th. The entire economy of Transniestria can more or less be reduced to five companies: a cement producer, a steel producer, Tirotex, Russian energy company Inter RAO UES, and Sheriff. [109], In 2004, Transnistrian authorities organised a separate census from the 2004 Moldovan Census. [54] In mid-April 1992, under the agreements on the split of the military equipment of the former Soviet Union negotiated between the former 15 republics in the previous months, Moldova created its own Defence Ministry. Three of the top five firms are oil . Gumenyuk insisted that the Ukrainian forces stationed near the border with the unrecognised . [104] The Moldovan authorities called these events a provocation aimed at destabilising the situation in the region. As of 2009[update] the population of Transnistria comprised about 555,000 people. In later years there were concerns[who?] Wells Fargo, located in Northern California, is a financial services company engaged in banking, investments, insurances, mortgages, and financing. [132] In March 2007 the debt to Gazprom for the acquisition of natural gas increased to US$1.3billion. The term Transnistria was used in relation to eastern Moldova for the first time in 1989,[32][33][34] in the election slogan of the deputy and member of the Popular Front of Moldova Leonida Lari:[35][36][37]. [40] During the Romanian occupation of 194144, between 150,000 and 250,000 Ukrainian and Romanian Jews were deported to Transnistria; the majority were executed or died from other causes in ghettos and concentration camps of the Governorate. Since 1990, Transnistria has governed itself independently of the Moldovan capital, Chisinau, fortified by a permanent Russian military presence and annual financial aid from Moscow. "Tiraspol not willing to register opposition representative in electoral race", "CANDIDATE TO OFFICE OF TRANSNISTRIAN VICE-PRESIDENT COMMENTS ON OPPOSITION'S CHANCES", "US Department of State, Country Report on Human Rights Practices in Moldova 2003", "The policy of linguistic cleansing in Transnistria", " ! Despite a 30% tax increase in 2007, the pension fund is still lacking money and emergency measures must be taken. [76] During the 2006 presidential election, the registration of opposition candidate Andrey Safonov was delayed until a few days before the vote, so that he had little time to conduct an election campaign. In 2001, in one region it was reported that Igor Smirnov collected 103.6% of the votes. Precipitation is equal year round although with a slight increase in the summer months. [12][13][14] In March 2022, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted a resolution that defines the territory as under military occupation by Russia.[15]. Tesla began 2022 as the world's fifth largest company by market cap and ended the year in 11th place after their CEO Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter. As a result, in 2015, 27% of Transnistria's US$189 million exports went to the EU, while exports to Russia went down to 7.7%. However, no further withdrawal activities have taken place since March 2004 and a further 20,000 tons of ammunition, as well as some remaining military equipment, are still to be removed. See: "Postanovlenie verkhovnogo soveta Pridnestrovskoi Moldavskoi Respubliki ob izmenenii nazvaniia respubliki,". On 3 March 2006, Ukraine introduced new customs regulations on its border with Transnistria. The second-largest European company on the Global 2000, car-maker Volkswagen, has seen its stock shed nearly 16% over the past year. [31] These names are adaptations of the Romanian colloquial name of the region, Transnistria, meaning "beyond the Dniester River". Elections in Transnistria are not recognised by international bodies such as the European Union, as well as numerous individual countries, who called them a source of increased tensions. "Representation and democracy in Eurasia's unrecognized states: The case of Transnistria. Conflict erupted on several occasions when the PMR prevented the villagers from reaching their farmland east of the road.[63][64]. Elections take place within a multi-party system. By ethnic composition, the population of Transnistria was distributed as follows: Russians 29.1%, Moldovans 28.6%, Ukrainians 22.9%, Bulgarians 2.4%, Gagauzians 1.1%, Belarusians 0.5%, Transnistrian 0.2%, other nationalities 1.4%. One city (Bender) and six villages on the west bank are controlled by the PMR, but are considered by Moldova as a separate municipality (Bender and village of Proteagailovca) or part of the Cueni District (five villages in three communes). Aramco, which the Saudi government owns, is considered the world's second-largest company, with crude oil reserves of 270 billion barrels. In 1924, the Moldavian ASSR was proclaimed within the Ukrainian SSR; the ASSR included today's Transnistria (4,100km2, 1,600sqmi) and an area (4,200km2, 1,600sqmi) to the northeast around the city of Balta, but nothing from Bessarabia, which at the time formed part of Romania. [131], In 2004, Transnistria had debts of US$1.2billion (two-thirds are with Russia) that was per capita about six times higher than in Moldova (without Transnistria). [86] In the months after the regulations, exports from Transnistria declined drastically. [89] However, even after 2002, the Russian parliament did not ratify the Istanbul accords. The state terrorists has left their bloody footprints in many places. [152], Coordinates: 4650N 2937E / 46.833N 29.617E / 46.833; 29.617. [116], Transnistria has a mixed economy. The OSCE also observed and verified the withdrawal of 48 trains with military equipment and ammunition in 2003. Return to the USSR - Excursion in Transnistria 11 Recommended by 90% of travelers Bus Tours from $114.30 per adult Tiraspol must-see tour - Transnistria 112 Recommended by 98% of travelers Private and Luxury from $27.21 per adult 3. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Transnistria wanted to return to a "Brezhnev-style planned economy". [110] As per 2004 census, in the areas controlled by the PMR government, there were 555,347 people, including 177,785 Moldovans (32.1%) 168,678 Russians (30.4%) 160,069 Ukrainians (28.8%) 13,858 Bulgarians (2.5%) 4,096 Gagauzians (0.7%), 1,791 Poles (0.3%), 1,259 Jews (0.2%), 507 Roma (0.1%) and 27,454 others (4.9%).[111]. Under OSCE auspices, on 8 May 1997, Moldovan President Petru Lucinschi and Transnistrian president Igor Smirnov, signed the "Memorandum on the principles of normalization of the relations between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria", also known as the "Primakov Memorandum", sustaining the establishment of legal and state relations, although the memorandum's provisions were interpreted differently by the governments of Moldova and Transnistria. According to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) the media climate in Transnistria is restrictive and the authorities continue a long-standing campaign to silence independent opposition voices and groups. The main imports were non-precious metals, food products, and electricity. The United States, the European Union, and the OSCE approved the Ukrainian move, while Russia saw it as a means of political pressure. Transnistria's economy is frequently described as dependent on contraband[119] and gunrunning. ", This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:08. The report also states that the same holds true for the production of such weapons, which is likely to have been carried out in the 1990s, primarily to equip Transnistrian forces. A first round of swingeing culls hit the technology sector in November. U.S. Violence escalated when in October 1990 the Popular Front called for volunteers to form armed militias to stop an autonomy referendum in Gagauzia, which had an even higher share of ethnic minorities. [94], In a NATO resolution on 18 November 2008, Russia was urged to withdraw its military presence from the "Transdnestrian region of Moldova". Between 1929 and 1940, Tiraspol functioned as the capital of the Moldavian ASSR, an autonomous republic that existed from 1924 to 1940 within the Ukrainian SSR. D. espite challenges brought on by the pandemic, ongoing war and unpredictable markets, the world's largest public companies managed to boost sales and profits in the last year. Law No. Transnistria-Ukraine relations is the bilateral relationship between the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (commonly known as Transnistria) . Transnistria, officially the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR),[c] is an unrecognised breakaway state that is internationally recognised as a part of Moldova. [51][52] Nevertheless, no significant action was taken against Transnistria and the new authorities were slowly able to establish control of the region. [39] The Romanian-administered territory, known as the Transnistria Governorate, with an area of 39,733km2 (15,341sqmi) and a population of 2.3 million inhabitants, was divided into 13 counties: Ananiev, Balta, Berzovca, Dubasari, Golta, Jugastru, Movilau, Oceacov, Odessa, Ovidiopol, Rbnia, Tiraspol, and Tulcin. [127] However, several years later, it decided to head toward a market economy. January 30, 2023 Author: Luca Ventura Mihai Grecu, Anatol ranu, Trupele Ruse n Republica Moldova (Culegere de documente i materiale). [90] During 20002001, although the CFE Treaty was not fully ratified, to comply with it, Moscow withdrew 125 pieces of Treaty Limited Equipment (TLE) and 60 railway wagons containing ammunition from the Transnistrian region of Moldova. The city is located on the . According to the OSCE Mission to Moldova, of a total of 42,000 tons of ammunition stored in Transnistria, 1,153 tons (3%) was transported back to Russia in 2001, 2,405 tons (6%) in 2002 and 16,573 tons (39%) in 2003. The main transportation route in Transnistria is the road from Tiraspol to Rbnia through Dubsari. In addition, another municipality, the City of Bender, situated on the western bank of the Dniester, in Bessarabia, and geographically outside Transnistria, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria as defined by the Moldovan central authorities, but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR's administrative organisation: Each of the districts is further divided into cities and communes. It is included in Forbes' list of America's Best Banks 2021 and the Just 100 Companies 2021 that features both private and public companies that practice responsible capitalism. Tense situations have periodically surfaced due to these territorial disputes, such as in 2005, when Transnistrian forces entered Vasilievca,[73] in 2006 around Varnia, and in 2007 in the Dubsari-Cocieri area, when a confrontation between Moldovan and Transnistrian forces occurred, though without any casualties. In 2020, the Transnistrian Customs reported exports of US$633.1million and imports of US$1,052.7million. The oldest alcohol producer KVINT, located in Tiraspol, produces and exports brandy, wines and vodka. A substantial number of Poles clustered in northern Transnistria were Ukrainianised during Soviet rule. Transnistria has been recognised only by three other unrecognised or partially recognised breakaway states: Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia. After World War II, Transnistria was heavily industrialised, to the point that, in 1990, it was responsible for 40% of Moldova's GDP and 90% of its electricity,[126] although it accounted for only 17% of Moldova's population. This law effectively terminates the "Agreement on transit of Russian military units temporarily located on the territory of the Republic of Moldova through the territory of Ukraine" dated 4 December 1998. It states the remaining troops are serving as peacekeepers authorised under the 1992 ceasefire, are not in violation of the Istanbul accords and will remain until the conflict is fully resolved. that the Transnistrian authorities would try to sell these stocks internationally, and intense pressure was applied to have these removed by Russia. [43] The most prominent of these movements was the Popular Front of Moldova. The onus of responsibility rests on Russia to remove the rest of the supplies. The passage of soldiers of the 14th Guards Army would be illegal. ", Blakkisrud, Helge, and Pl Kolst. "[151], In 2010, Viktor Kryzhanivsky, Ukraine's special envoy on Transnistria, stated that there was no ongoing arms or drug trafficking through the Transnistrian section of the Ukrainian-Moldovan border at the time. On 22 March 2007 Gazprom sold Transnistria's gas debt to the Russian businessman Alisher Usmanov, who controls Moldova Steel Works, the largest enterprise in Transnistria. This corporation has extensive foreign contacts and a well-developed network of partners, especially in Russia, . In 2000 and 2001, Russia withdrew by rail 141 self-propelled artillery pieces and other armoured vehicles and destroyed locally, 108 T-64 tanks and 139 other pieces of military equipment limited by the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE). Russian-occupied Transnistria announces three-month military training for men starting from March 1. Its capital city is Tiraspol. [65] Transnistrians may have dual, triple or even quadruple citizenship of internationally recognised countries, including: There are unsettled border issues between Transnistria and Moldova. [131], According to a 2007 interview with Yevgeny Shevchuk, the then-speaker of the Transnistrian Supreme Council, Transnistria is in a difficult economic situation. During World War II, the Soviet Union took parts of the Moldavian ASSR, which was dissolved, and of the Kingdom of Romania's Bessarabia to form the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1940. China Petrochemical Corporation or Sinopec Group is the world's largest oil refining, gas and petrochemical conglomerate, administered by SASAC for the State Council of the People's Republic of China. There is disagreement over whether elections in Transnistria are free and fair. State Statistics Service of Pridnestrovie, Subdivisions and localities of Transnistria (, , , , , Russian military presence in Transnistria, Transnistria adopted a white-blue-red tricolor flag in 2017, which is almost identical to the, The Supreme Soviet changed the official name of the republic from Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic to Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic on 5 November 1991.

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