yamnaya facial reconstruction

(By the time they reached Egypt they were a conglomeration of steppe and Semitic peoples). a flint arrowhead. Corinthian Helmet. New Yamnaya facial reconstructions, with accurate pigmentation phenotypes Date: October 1, 2021 Author: thuletide 3 Comments As far as I know, these are the first Much of the expansion from the Black Sea all the way (eventually) to the British Isles was driven by bands of young men leaving their clan to raid and dominate others beyond. WebThe paper deals with cranial remains from the cemeteries of the Yamnaya (Pit-grave) and Sintashta archaeological cultures investigated in the areas directly adjacent to the fortified settlement Arkaim, which belongs to the Chelyabinsk State Historical and Cultural Reserve Arkaim and the Kizil Valley. A year later, an exhibit at the Brighton Museum & Art Gallery revealed the faces of seven more ancient locals who lived on the coast of southern England over the past 40,000 years, showing how science confirms that the history of the region is much more complicated than we once thought. Change). Her lavish burial goods including the diadem, beaded necklaces, silver-crafted rings, bracelets, spiral hairpieces and earplugs with spirals, as well as a silver-rimmed drinking pot and silver-handled awl, a tool used to piece textiles are of superior quality and are more valuable than goods buried with the man, researchers previously told Live Science. Yamnaya people seem to have expanded pfc, which seems to cause the "high nose bridge". Boldyrevo I, Kurgan I, Grave 1 was an elite burial of a Yamnaya (Pit-Grave Culture) man. Reconstructions of ancient Indo-Europeans by PhilipEdwin: (Reconstruction: Pasteurizing was meant to kill possible (if it got contaminated) bad bugs. The burial tradition is typical of Eneolithic Steppe populations, also known as Proto-Yamnaya." People in my family have those features, and I am indian. Facial reconstruction of Yamnaya/Sintashta. Learn how your comment data is processed. The remains of the diadem-wearing woman (right) and a male (left) were buried together during the Bronze Age in La Almoloya. These animals can sniff it out. CW seems to be 75% yamnaya, so I guess not too bad for the tech they had back then. So this idea that the Aryans were blue eyed blond hair people is honestly not too farfetched but they just didn't know there were older groups to look at like the Yamnaya, or maybe they did but they didn't give a shit because, you know, Nazi Germany. I wanted her to look a bit curiousthinking about the futurebecause I'm thinking of the moment when you see her is perhaps before she's giving birth to the child that probably led to her death, says Nilsson. Yamnaya were likely nothing like the Aryans of Nazi mythology. Are we certain about the colors though? "La Almoloya is just a fascinating time capsule," she said. Survive the Jive (edited) Those people actually were blue eyed, pale, tall people (not all of them ofc) and it were the descendants of the Corded Ware which migrated across Asia. RT @Sulkalmakh: Facial reconstruction of an Eneolithic man from Bamut, Chechnya. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. As far as I know, these are the first modern, professionally made, fully colored Yamnaya reconstructions, with accurate pigmentation phenotypes. New York, Recent DNA analysis from the Neolithic Whitehawk population suggests they were generally dark eyed and dark skinned in comparison to the that eventually replaced them around 4,400 years ago.

, The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? Modern Skull Study. In north european countries you could see more IE mixing with ancient europeans on contrast with the Mediterranean area where IE culture was absorbed by ancient europeans and no real mixing which demonstrated why the south of europe has more darker tones in general. According to his bone structure, the Iron Age twenty-something was probably kind of good-looking, which can sometimes lead to a reconstruction that looks too much like a mannequin, the sculptor explains. All rights reserved. EDIT: http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/05/european-blond-hair-may-have-originated.html This is where I read about blond hair and ANE. Most men in Britain have the R1b hapologroup which shows how successful these lads were. The skull with the inward jaw could have belonged to an old man. The Yamnaya culture was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the the Pontic steppe (north of the Black Sea) dating to 33002600 BC. One of the world's ", Bruno is now creating archaeological reconstructions of other El Argar people from La Almoloya "using the faces I reconstructed from their skulls, and including the information generated by the archaeological and genetic research," she said. From his skeleton he was apparently a mass of muscle too. Apparently, Tutankhamen had R1b haplogroup (so do I) which shows that both of us descend (father to son, father to son, on down the centuries) from a warrior of the steppe. Lupodellamontagna. Is there bias against them being blond/blue eyed, skin color just to be PC? What was their phenotype? Thought pasteurization is a preservation technique, so milt will keep more than a day. The new year once started in Marchhere's why, Jimmy Carter on the greatest challenges of the 21st century, This ancient Greek warship ruled the Mediterranean, How cosmic rays helped find a tunnel in Egypt's Great Pyramid, Who first rode horses? The Indo-Europeans probably burned their dead on funeral pyres, that gives us zero DNA. The Yamnaya culture was a late Copper Age to early Bronze Age archaeological culture of the the Pontic steppe (north of the Black Sea) dating to 33002600 BC. The swaggering 2,300-year-old Slonk Hill Man posed his own particular problems, Nilsson adds. Scientists just confirmed a 30-foot void first detected inside the monument years ago. Theyre from the new 40 min Yamnaya documentary by Survive the Jive, which is probably one of his best videos yet (link at the end of this article). Web424K views 1 year ago The Yamnaya culture, also called the Kurgan or Late Ochre Grave culture, of the late Neolithic and Bronze age Pontic steppe is believed to belong to one of Simple. Right: Reconstruction of Yamnaya-skull. male who is half Swede (possibly 50% Saami) half Dane with ASD (Autism spectrum disorder), is it possible that a Yamna possessing ASD invented the wheel, the two wheeled cart and the four wheeled wagon, revolutionizing that culture and eventually the rest of the world? have started the rumor that I'm a girl. Some replies are auto-filtered by WordPress for admin approval. Its name derives from its characteristic burial tradition: yamnaya is a Russian adjective that means related to pits, and these people used to bury their dead in tumuli (the famous kurgans which we call burial mounds in Britain) containing simple pit chambers. Not according to biology or history. (Reconstruction: A skull is laser scanned so that it can inform a digital facial reconstruction. Since the allele is found in populations with EHG but not WHG ancestry, it suggests that its origin is in the Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) population. As always we have a hard time changing our old harmful ways for new better ones especially when it turns out our ancestors knew better than we did. The Yamnaya and their descendants and cousins replaced to some extent or another the people in Europe before them. ", Photos: Viking warrior is actually a woman, Photos: Prehistoric village holds Bronze Age treasures, In photos: Early Bronze Age chariot burial, The entire process and Bruno's collaboration with anthropologists highlights "the ability to estimate and 'rebuild' missing skeletal portions with the highest possible accuracy and without damaging the original," Cristina Rihuete Herrada, a professor of archaeology at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and a co-researcher of the 2021 study, told Live Science in an email. "Thanks to the 3D laser scanning of the jewels, Joana has been able to show us that woman's stunning shimmering look. Heres why each season begins twice. (2014), it is also possible that positive selection since ancient times has increased the presence of blond hair and blue eyes in modern populations compared to ancient populations, so it is not always helpful to look at modern ancestry to ascertain an ancient phenotype. (LogOut/ Heres how it works. "And, since the DNA can tell us more about their kinship, it is also an opportunity to see if these faces somehow carry similar features that could hint at those shared relationships.". Facial reconstruction of a Yamnaya/Proto-Indo-European woman. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC.

Small and slender, Whitehawk Woman lived about 5,600 years ago and died before the age of 25, possibly during childbirth (the remains of a fetus were found in her pelvic area). I thought IE tribes were blonde, blue eyed, fair skinned etc. The skull also featured a pronounced point where the brow ridges joined, which could have given Slonk Hill Man a bit of a cruel expression. The infection was probably grotesquely swollen at the time of his death, but Nilsson chose not to exaggerate the ailment. Do you have a good collection of their ancients skulls that I can look at? How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? "The biggest challenge about this facial reconstruction was that the upper portion of her skull did not survive the ages," Joana Bruno, the freelance scientific illustrator who created the digital reconstructions and a collaborator with the La Almoloya archaeologists at the Autonomous University of Barcelona, told Live Science in an email. Very little I would say. An interesting discussion, but probably twenty years too early. Ive worked with so many skulls, but these were the most characteristic ones Ive seen. Over hundreds of years and many generations, this drove the expansion west and east. She also reports on general science, including archaeology and paleontology. (Indo-European) aka steppe people. Articles covering history, nature, ecology, race, metaphysics, politics, etc. Courtesy Royal Pavilion & Museums, Brighton & Hove. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. Always use a VPN or Tor and practice good OPSEC. The Corded Ware-related steppe people from Central Europe had the light hair/eyes and were basically the same as modern northern Europeans. He was buried in a kurgan with numerous articles made of copper and meteor iron, and a wagon. 29 Jan 2023 14:19:14 Yamnaya culture, much like Steppe Maykop, traced a large amount of their ancestry to the Eneolithic Steppe cluster. Five of the seven individuals are true locals, forensically reconstructed from skulls excavated around Brighton in the southeastern county of Sussex. He was R1b and the Samara culture is (one of) the ancestors of PIE. A digital image of one of the facial reconstructions in process. What if we could clean them out? Your email address will not be published. Boleskine House Archaeological Assessment . Archaeologists immediately recognise their remains versus those of the Neolithic farmers they replaced who were smaller with slighter skulls and gracile frames. Also, young warriors tend to die in a ditch far from home and seldom get a burial. ( source) What makes the ancient Britons portrayed in the exhibit so interesting, Nilsson says, is how science reveals the lives theyve lived. I used laser scans of the earplugs and the diadem in the face reconstruction. Aesthetics, Art etc., Facial reconstructions, History, Race. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. (Image credit: Copyright Joana Bruno/ASOME/Universitat Autnoma de Barcelona). Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2017/05/european-blond-hair-may-have-originated.html. Search Reddit posts and comments - see average sentiment, top terms, activity per day and more Thanks to their incredibly tough lifestyle, their warlike patriarchal culture and their high protein diet, they were big people, with large, robust skulls and big bones. This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. I have the impression their phenotype is portrayed inaccurately, there are remnants of Aryan phenotypes in Central Asia that are still of lighter eyes, hair and skin pigmentation, than what is presented in these recent facial reconstructions. When Bruno decided to digitally recreate the woman's face, it was in part due to the site's impressive preservation of many of its original inhabitants. The most ancient natives are a Neanderthal woman and an early modern man. We need more data and better tools before we can know if they were blond and had blue eyes. A Yamnaya all-father. She has won multiple awards from the Society of Professional Journalists and the Washington Newspaper Publishers Association for her reporting at a weekly newspaper near Seattle. Now, using the partial skull and jewelry from the burial, a scientific Illustrator has digitally recreated the woman's face, as well as the faces of others buried at the site, known as La Almoloya. In 2018, the dark-skinned, blue-eyed facial reconstruction of Cheddar Man, a 10,000-year-old British resident, made international headlines and sparked discussions about native identity in a nation grappling with Brexit and issues of migration. They possibly invented the wheel, they may have been the first to domesticate and ride horses, and they invented 4-wheeled, ox-drawn axeled wagons that enabled them to drive herds of cattle across the steppes. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? (LogOut/ If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Read more about the Yamnaya on the Wikipedia page but as always do so with a pinch of salt. Most of Homo Sapien and Neanderthalis interbreeding occured in the middle east as humans were just migrating out of Africa. Some offshoots even briefly conquered ancient Egypt, bringing the chariot and other technology with them. They ate horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, and also hunted saiga antelope and other animals of the steppe and river valleys (like the Don and the Volga and their tributaries). Classify facial reconstructions from Yamnaya culture. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. Anyways the Yamnaya seemed a bit darker regarding skin complexion but I think I read somewhere that blond hair developed amongst Ancient North Eurasian populations which made up like half of the Yamnaya ancestry, so they could have had low frequencies of blond hair. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). RT @Sulkalmakh: Facial reconstruction of an Eneolithic man from Bamut, Chechnya. Those with ASD think within the box only when forced by convention. There is also a gap between neanderthal extinction and the appareance of blue eye or blond hair phenotypes in homo sapiens. Do we really know that a certain allele causes blond hair and blue eyes, or is it just a statistical correlation? Then there was the artistic decision that had to be made with Stafford Road Man, a Saxon-era adult who likely died from a terrible facial abscess. The IE people seem to have a unique skull shape, dolocephalic, high nose bridge ( which means expanded pfc ), peculiar strong jaw line and cheek bones. One of Earth's loneliest volcanoes holds an extraordinary secret. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository, Yamnaya phenotype, Reconstruction, male, grave Novooleksiivka; Ukraine, Yamnaya phenotype, Reconstruction, male, grave Novooleksiivka; Ukraine.png. Please be respectful of copyright. Some did a bit of farming, growing millet and amaranth but it wasnt a huge part of their diet. The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. note : no room for racism and your nationalist nonesense, Press J to jump to the feed. Unauthorized use is prohibited. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Ancient DNA reveals how Europeans developed light skin and Where the blue haired, blond eyed people of the nazi myths or where they something else? The Stafford Road Man, left, and the Patcham Woman, right, are among the facial reconstructions of ancient locals who lived on the coast of southern England over the past 40,000 years. Inventory incl. "It is important to be aware that these bones we now see were real people, with their own domestic dramas, who laughed when someone told a joke, who cared for loved ones and lived in a very different world from our own.". Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. Blond hair originated in the Baltic/Scandinavian region perhaps 12,000 years ago and blue eyes are found there too (and were dominant among Western Hunter-Gatherers). A guide for complete novices, Freaks associated with NJP, Joel Davis, Keith Woods, etc. by Dan | May 13, 2020 | writing | 4 comments. Right: Reconstruction of Yamnaya-skull. The faces that developed became so individual.. You can read the novella THE WOLF GOD for free now by signing up to my email newsletter. I don't think they would have had the phenotypes assosciated with Northern Europeans and even if they did the percentage of actual neanderthal DNA is really low. WebYamnaya Y-DNA is exclusively of the EHG and WHG type, displaying genetic continuity from the paternal lineages of the Dnieper-Donets culture. They also drank milk, possibly the first people to develop lactose tolerance into adulthood. For the Europe that pre-dates the Indo-Europeans, visit [r/PaleoEuropean](https://www.reddit.com/r/PaleoEuropean/) To see a long list of links, view the Old Reddit version of this page The StJ documentary features a lot of cool artwork too, like this: For facial reconstructions of European Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Early European Farmers, and older Yamnaya and Corded Ware reconstructions, see this article: https://thuletide.wordpress.com/2021/03/13/facial-reconstructions-of-ancient-europeans-from-mesolithic-to-bronze-age-infographic-collages/. At present, were building general hypotheses based on a few individuals where DNA can be extracted. The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. One interesting aspect of the Yamnaya migration is that it seems to have consisted mostly of men. Different regions of Old Europe experienced different levels of interaction with these invading Yamnaya and other steppe people. Yamnaya probably had the skintone and hair color of someone like Jason Momoa but subsequently lighter as they mixed with the European populations. "The earlobes were a more straightforward decision," Bruno said. "Luckily, the diadem (the silver crown) was found in place, around her head, so that gives us some measure for her head, but it was still a challenge. As the U.K. wrestles with issues of identity and nationalism around Brexit, a new exhibit is putting fresh faces on the region's ancient residents. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); The comments section is not a free speech zone. Perhaps these riches indicate that the woman had more power than her burial partner, especially given that she outlived him and was still buried with treasured goods, the researchers said at the time. Photos: Viking warrior is actually a woman, Photos: Prehistoric village holds Bronze Age treasures, In photos: Early Bronze Age chariot burial, In rare case, mother delivers two sets of identical twins, back to back. Post it in this article's comment section, Debunking "Understanding Race" (2022): Thuletide mentioned in libtard race-denialism book written by American Museum of Natural History scientists and published by UK's Cambridge University, OPSEC/InfoSec 101: How to not get doxed and how to encrypt your hardware, What is "White?" NY 10036. These facial reconstructions reveal 40,000 years of English ancestry As the U.K. wrestles with issues of identity and nationalism around Brexit, a new exhibit is The Yamnaya feature in my Bronze Age fantasy series GODS OF BRONZE. The Yamnaya transformed the gene pools of northern and central Europe, such that some populations, like Norwegians, owe around 50% of their ancestry to these The remains of a fetus found in her pelvic area suggest she likely died in childbirth, a scientific insight that informed Nilssons artistic depiction. Plus stuff like facial features/ brain structure seems to me, a more complex genetic traits than pigmentation. 4.3. But it was more complicated and gradual than that. His skeleton was buried in a kurgan, crouched on its back and covered in red ocher. Its related to genetics. Your email address will not be published. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Consistent with this, we observe that earliest known individual with the derived allele is the [Siberian] ANE individual Afontova Gora 3 which is directly dated to 16130-15749 cal BCE (1471060 BP, MAMS-27186: a previously unpublished date that we newly report here). In the early 20th century it was imagined that they swept down from the plains conquering all before them. WebForensic facial reconstruction of a Yamnaya male found in Novoalekseevka, Ukraine - featured in the documentary 'Yamnaya: Faces of the Indo-Europeans' by Thomas Rowsell He pioneered paleo-anthropological facial reconstruction of historic figures. As someone who is a six foot, 210 lb. Haplogroup R1, especially subclades Yamnaya-related steppe people had darker hair/eyes and looked similar to modern day Avars or Darginians. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. As such, the pendulum can swing too much one way and affect the end result. Is this statement completely wrong? Download Citation | First bioanthropological evidence for Yamnaya horsemanship | The origins of horseback riding remain elusive. The diadem-wearing woman's identity has intrigued scientists since archaeologists unearthed her burial in 2014. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. Yamnaya ancestry appears among Mycenaeans, with the Yamnaya Bulgaria sample being its best current ancestral fit; the emergence of steppe ancestry and R1b-M269 in the eastern Mediterranean was associated with Ancient Greeks; Thracians, Albanians, and Armenians also show R1b-M269 subclades and Steppe ancestry. WebYamnaya Facial Reconstruction (Bykovo) Yamnaya Facial Reconstruction (Novoalekseevka) Anglo-Saxon Pagan Temple. The most modern local, a 40-something man excavated during building construction in the 1980s, dates to the Anglo-Saxon period, a time when England was first unified under one king, explains Richard Le Saux, the museums senior keeper of collections. Laura holds a bachelor's degree in English literature and psychology from Washington University in St. Louis and a master's degree in science writing from NYU. I personally am more interested in skull shape etc, as I think it effects proportions of different brain regions and hence behavior. Can we bring a species back from the brink? "The laser scan allows me to work with a digital replica of the original and minimize the manipulation of the bones, which are fragile objects," she said. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? Facial Reconstruction of 6 Ancient Egyptians You Should Know WebPeople of the Yamnaya culture are believed to have had mostly brown eye colour, light to intermediate skin, and brown hair colour, with some variation. When does spring start? Oh i always had it completely wrong. They were brown-eyed for the most part with darker hair than northern Europeans. I here that those who drink raw milk do not get lactose intolerant. Because of these innovations they were probably the first people in history to solve the problem of living on the arid, barren grasslands of the Eurasian steppe rather than in the river valleys that cross it. Laura is the archaeology/history and Life's Little Mysteries editor at Live Science. Yamnaya Steppe Pontic Caspian Eurasian Switzerland Swiss european Neolithic stone age Genetic Gene Ed My name is Edward Whelan and I graduated with a Recent genome studies of ancient European populations enable Nilsson to outfit his reconstructions with reasonably accurate estimates of skin, hair, and eye color. The bygone Britons were brought back to life over the course of 14 months by Oscar Nilsson, an archaeologist and sculptor who has reimagined the faces of other individuals in history, including a 1,200-year-old Peruvian noblewoman and a 9,000-year-old teenager from Greece. What is wind chill, and how does it affect your body? Later, to "flesh out" the face, Bruno relies on published techniques for the speculative process of estimating the position of facial features, such as the eyes, nose and mouth, and determining the thickness of the tissues, she said. (1,548 1,386 pixels, file size: 4.61 MB, MIME type: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0, Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Yamnaya_phenotype,_Reconstruction,_male,_grave_Novooleksiivka;_Ukraine.png&oldid=649809360, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Uploaded a work by Wojciech Pdzich, Robert Molyneaux from [https://www.quora.com/profile/Wojciech-P%C4%99dzich-1/Yamnaya-phenotype-Forensic-Reconstructian-of-a-male-from-Kurgan-Novooleksiivka-Ukraine-license-CC-BY-SA-4-0-origin] with UploadWizard. "By doing this, I start 'mapping out' the surface of the skin and, layer by layer, a face starts to emerge," Brunos said. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Lab-grown minibrains will be used as 'biological hardware' to create new biocomputers, scientists propose, Ancient Roman 'spike defenses' made famous by Julius Caesar found in Germany, 'Building blocks of life' recovered from asteroid Ryugu are older than the solar system itself, New Moai statue that 'deified ancestors' found on Easter Island, The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with checkout code 'LOVE5', Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device. The genetic evidence suggests overwhelmingly that Yamnaya His skeleton was buried in a kurgan, crouched on its back and covered in red ocher. Yamnaya: Genetics & Societal Organization David W. Anthony - reddit As far as I know, the first known blond-haired, blue-eyed person in history was the Samara hunter-gatherer. Mikhail Gerasimov hard at work in his studio, sculpting skulls from skulls. Contact In this documentary film you can see 3D forensic facial reconstructions of Yamnaya men by the artist Robert Molyneaux and you can learn all about what Yamnaya To clarify which bones did not survive, Bruno rendered them as gray and transparent in a video showing the reconstruction process. Their facial reconstructions are based on remains from elsewhere in Europe, but artifacts found in the Brighton area show that both were local residents some 40,000 years ago. ], https://thuletide.wordpress.com/2021/03/13/facial-reconstructions-of-ancient-europeans-from-mesolithic-to-bronze-age-infographic-collages/, [Blog Feedback] Do you have an off-topic suggestion, request, question, or complaint? Too much science and They represent people that played an important role in the dynamics of the EBA Pontic-Caspian Steppe. His skeleton was buried in a kurgan, crouched on its back and covered in red ocher. This is an older article and comments, but in case anyone else stumbles across it: No, lactose intolerance has NOTHING to do with pasteurization. a flint arrowhead. Twelve digitally reconstructed faces in profile from La Almoloya and La Bastida. This page was last edited on 18 April 2022, at 23:25. Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. Secondly: how can we know if the skeleton samples we retrieve represent the whole Indo-European population group? Before any virtual reconstruction, anthropologists clean, stabilize and study the deceased's skeleton to determine the person's sex, age of death, general health and other characteristics. Blond hair is supposed to have come from the ANE, one of the main ancestral groups of the Proto-Indo-Europeans: The derived allele of the KITLG SNP rs12821256 that is associated with and likely causal for blond hair in Europeans [4,5] is present in one hunter-gatherer from each of Samara, Motala and Ukraine (I0124, I0014 and I1763), as well as several later individuals with Steppe ancestry.

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