are polish and ukrainian mutually intelligible

Also how much of Rusyn do Russians understand on a % basis? Kajkavian has 82% intelligibility of Chakavian. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. Thanks so much for this post. Polish and Ukrainian: different or similar? - Language Tsar I have a newer version of the paper that I can give in which I changed some of the things you are complaining about. Many Turkic languages are mutually intelligible to a higher or lower degree, but thorough empirical research is needed to establish the exact levels and patterns of mutual intelligibility between the languages of this linguistic family. In the towns of Pirot and Vranje, it cannot be said that they speak Serbo-Croatian; instead they speak this Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian mixed speech. The languages really split about 1,000 years ago, but written Slovak was based on written Czech, and there was a lot of interlingual communication. Just one example: the letter g was eliminated in order to make the Ukrainian h correspond exactly with Russian g. There are also some TV shows that show Czech and Slovak contestants untranslated (like in Sweden where Norwegian comics perform untranslated), and most people seem to understand these shows. Northern (Istrian and Kvarner) akavian is closer to kajkavian and Slovene then Southern akavian is ( I understand 95%+ n). This is the first time that this has been done using just . One of the most bizarre cases is that of Bulgarian, where the level of mutual intelligibility with spoken Czech is very low (close to zero), due to a completely different grammar. ENGLISH: Bulgarian language is an Indo-European language from the group of South-Slavic languages. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. Russian is also 85% mutually intelligible with Belarusian and Ukrainian in writing. Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. My mother is a native Croatian speaker and she told me that serbian and croatian have very good intelligibility but however the grammar is very different.Comparing those two languages would be like comparing czech and slovakian. It is rather controversial outside Linguistics, as you run into nationalists and other fools who emotionally distort things. The long war over the Ukrainian language - The Boston Globe Post 1991, g has returned. Interesting article but I think there are some minor and some major mistakes and misunderstandigs. In addition, the two groups have different cultural norms and values. We speak in our own, or we speak locally. More properly, their speech is best seen as closer to Macedonian than to Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian. The grammars of sign languages do not usually resemble those of spoken languages used in the same geographical area; in fact, in terms of syntax, ASL shares more with spoken Japanese than it does with English. In fact, many Macedonians are switching away from the Macedonian language towards Serbo-Croatian. I think that nowadays people from Ni also dont understand that Serbian enough. During the last 20 years, Ukraine has tried to make the language norm as far from Russian as possible for nationalistic reasons. Hello can I use your comments in a paper I am writing? If you're a foreign student, studying russian, it's unlikely you'd be able to understand Ukrainian at all. For instance, West Palesian is a transitional Belarussian dialect to Ukrainian. That is ~90% our language. Jen. . That is good to know. It is important to note that the idea of this paper was try to test "pure inherent intelligibility." A pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a couple of things. It is true that Western Slovak dialects can understand Czech well, but Central Slovak, Eastern Slovak and Extraslovakian Slovak dialects cannot. There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them. Russian has a decent intelligibility with Bulgarian, possibly on the order of 50%, but Bulgarian intelligibility of Russian seems lower. So you are a speaker of Southern Chakavian, right? But I can tell you this. The written languages differ much more than the spoken ones. It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. Your email address will not be published. LIFESTYLE Languages. His level of understanding might be 90%, or 82%, 85%. Ja u da radim is more common to Serbian speakers but ja u raditi is officially more correct. Is the virgin Intelligibility important? I speak both Southern akavian and neotokavian. Vitebsk, Belarus. If you speak Russian, you might be surprised at how much Ukrainian you understand. Also sorry for my English. Therefore, for the moment, there are five separate Croatian languages: Shtokavian Croatian, Kajkavian Croatian, Chakavian Croatian, Molise Croatian, and Burgenland Croatian. What Other Languages Can You Understand If You Know Russian? Czech-Slovak languages - Wikipedia French has 89% lexical similarity with Italian, 80% similarity with Sardinian (spoken on the Italian island of Sardinia), 78% similarity with Romansh (spoken in parts of Switzerland) and 75% similarity with Portuguese, Romanian and Spanish. Civis Illustris. However, many groups of languages are partly mutually intelligible, i.e. Only problem is which is in Czech but not in slovak. (j/k) While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. Russian VS Ukrainian - How Different Are The Two - AutoLingual True MI testing does try to find virgin ears that have heard little of the other language and speak little or none of it. The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. WORD. Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. Nevertheless, although intelligibility with Slovenian is high, Kajkavian lacks full intelligibility with Slovenian. It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. I work with Russians (dro. London Times, 25 September 2006 My parents (and naturally me when I was child) make a lot of mistakes in the word cases and it means that they are (for the speakers from more west Serbian and also Croatian region) the lower social group, that they are not educated enough or that they are unread, and why dont Macedonians in their native language too, especially in ex Yugoslavia. I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. All foreign movies in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia are translated into Czech, not Slovak. Im gonna estimate 40% for Bulgarian, cant really say what the difference between written and spoken Bulgarian would be for me. . Russian on the other hand uses the Cyrillic alphabet. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. For instance, akavian Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. They sometimes say that youngsters do not but that is just a myth. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. General Musharraf says that Sheikh, who orchestrated the abduction, was recruited by MI6 while he was studying at the London School of Economics and sent to the Balkans to take part in jihad operations there. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. Although the standard view is that Balachka is a Ukrainian dialect, some linguists say that it is actually a separate language closely related to Ukrainian. It was a long time ago though, so Ill try to convince her (and maybe a couple more Russians) to try this again tonight. Slobozhan Ukrainian speakers in this region find it easier to understand their Russian neighbors than the Upper DnistrianUkrainian spoken in the far west in the countryside around Lviv. Glad to hear you are steering clear of it. I can illustrate it on the video posted above Vojnata vo Bosna. I put it to Google translator and I got this: (Jim Morrison). He is currently listed on the FBIs Most Wanted Terrorists list. I admit that my prehistoric learning of Russian (1985-1990) made it easier for me to guess the meaning of words izpolzovana a saestvuvat (which have the same meaning in Russian), but I think that I could guess it even from the context. We speak them too. Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. Is Ukrainian closer to Russian or Polish? With this, off I go to sleep. Grammar is almost identical. Due to no prior exposure to Russian, I could not understand that language, other than a few words and expressions here and there. Slovak 50 % spoken, 70 % written I also have no problems understanding standard Croatian or the Kajkavian and Cakavian Croatian dialects and Bosnian and Montenegrin to me are the same language and completely understandable. Serbians and Bosnians not so such. Belarusian is, in a sense, in between other slavic languages. Nice to meet you, Robert; Ill make sure to read more of your articles now! Belarussian and Ukrainian have 85% similar vocabulary. What I took as Czech speaking Czech language, which I perfectly understand, was actually Czech who tries to speaks Polish. For instance, in 1932, Ukrainian g was eliminated from the alphabet in order to make Ukrainian h correspond perfectly with Russian g. After 1991, the g returned to Ukrainian. Answer (1 of 4): Yes. Ukrainian and Russian: How Similar Are These Two Languages? Linguistic distance is the relative degree of difference between languages or dialects. But still Slovene and Dalmatian akavian speaker can talk if they stick to old slavic part of their respective languages. Could you please explain what you mean by language and intelligibility and hopefully remedy this failure of the original text? Interesting when one considers that Ukrainians do not even consider Rusyn a real language. Nevertheless, Bulgarian-Russian intelligibility seems much exaggerated. Im Slovenian, my mother tongue is Slovenian, however I have also learnt Serbo-Croatian from a very early age. I do hope that you understand the point. I met Croats from Zagreb and they speak Slovenian perfectly. But which languages in the world are actually closest to . The Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family is known for its languages being relatively closely related. Tunisian Arabic is also considered mutually intelligible with Maltese, particularly with regards to idiomatic expressions. Re: Rus/Ukr Anti-Ethnic Sentiments > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. Czech 20 % spoken, 40 % written Russia Invades Ukraine pt XII | TideFans.com The standard view among linguists seems to be that Lach is a part of Czech. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. Ukrainian language similar to Polish? Pannonian Rusyn is spoken by a group of Rusyns who migrated to northwestern Serbia (the Bachka region in Vojvodina province) and Eastern Croatia from Eastern Slovakia and Western Ukraine 250 years ago. If I tell them few sentences (phrases) in Boyko dialect, then Russians wont be able to understand at all. Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). Polish: Ukrainian and Belarusian (both partially; moreover, . This comment is fantastic! Slovenians, Macedonians and Bulgars used to be one nation called Sklaveni and they were living in the south Hungary. So I asked my Russian wife to listen to some of them (mostly local news on Youtube). [4], Some linguists use mutual intelligibility as a primary criterion for determining whether two speech varieties represent the same or different languages. True science would involve scientific intelligibility testing of Slavic language pairs. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. 2 Ukrainian Phrasebook And Dictionary Paperback 1-03-2023 Mutually Intelligible? I once had a conversation with a young woman from the Czech Republic. Polish is spoken outside of Poland by Polish diaspora groups in countries like Ukraine, Belarus, Germany, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The main difference is in the ortography. Mutual intelligibility - Wikipedia For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. 1996 . Traditionally, dialects are regional variations of one main language. 12 Dec 2016 #221. The intelligibility of Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is highly controversial, and intelligibility studies are in order. Please listen and watch the movie Zona Zamfirova. Ukrainian or Russian?: Language gets political in Ukraine In 1933, reforms were forced that streamlined Ukrainian more in line with the Russian language. the copula is mostly the same (sm/si/e/smo/ste/su vs. sum/si/e/sme/ste/se) When I was first exposed to spoken BCS, the most significant issue was their prosody, because the vocabulary and the grammar presented very little difficulty for me as a Ukrainian/Russian bilingual. You also have these words? Pei Mario (1949). How close is Ukrainian language to Polish? In Czech rep. Slovaks dont have to pass any language exams (the other foreigner do have to). Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. My email is on the Contact page. If you can speak Russian fluently, you will be able to understand 77% of Polish words, while Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, and . Pretty accurate I think. Same question, how much Chakavian can your average Shtokavian speaker understand in percentage? I see your point, and I agree: there must be a difference in method when determining linguistic intelligibility based on different populations. but the two languages are more different than some people think. Polish and Ukrainian mutual intelligibility question. If you choose to learn a language which is at least to some extent mutually intelligible to a language you already know . Ive not read em myself. Exposure doesnt count. Required fields are marked *. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. Between some languages, there can also be imbalanced mutual intelligibility, known as asymmetric intelligibility. This occurs when speakers of one language can understand a related language to a greater degree than speakers of the related language can understand the other. Pannonian Rusyn is actually a part of Slovak, and Rusyn proper is really a part of Ukrainian. Serbia is large and you should also ask Serbians in other regions. Yes you can. Now tokavian and akavian. Give me a figure in % for the Rusyn if you would. between Ni Torlak and Macedonian than between either of those two and Serbian The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. The idea is that the Kajkavian and Chakavian languages simply do not exist, though obviously they are both separate languages. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. Is Ukrainian more like . Portuguese has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Spanish, Galician, French and Italian. This is great. Are belarusian and russian mutually intelligible? Some simple words as Zboruva talk were not understood by a Bulgarian and I was obliged to use the word govori so that I adapted my Macedonian to get understood, although we seldom say govori. So here you have a case, when I could not understand everything, but I could grasp the meaning (at least). However, Chakavian magazines are published even today (Jembrigh 2014). Price, Glanville (1971), French Language: Present and Past, Jameson Books, Pope, Mildred K. From Latin to French, with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman. . As a native of Ni, I can say that the Serbo-CroatianMacedonian figures might be roughly on-point. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. pouv cyrilici, a bantsk norma, kter pouv latinku. Spanish and Catalan have a lexical similarity of 85%. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? If speakers of one language have more exposure to its related language, theyre likely to pick up more of that language. Regarding Polish and Russian there are many words with opposite meaning. In writing, however, Scots language looks similar to English (albeit with some spelling variations). akavian differs from the other nearby Slavic lects spoken in the country due to the presence of many Italian words. While the two share a similar grammar system and some vocabulary words, . No, you cannot. Re: Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian Mutual Intelligibility. I can give you an example of how I can read Bulgarian: Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. And o shifts to u. Yet its totally foreign to many in Croatia. But they are unaware of the fact that islander have a lot of latin but also old Croatian (Slavic) words instead of Turkish which are used by supossedly more Croatian tokavian speaker. Northern Germanic languages spoken in Scandinavia form a dialect continuum where two furthermost dialects have almost no mutual intelligibility. Kids speak both languages, as well as English, fluently. Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. As soon as one gets even a very moderate amount of exposure, comprehension improves, even between such geographically distant languages as Polish and Serbian I remember staying in Montenegro and a Pole buying bread and a Montenegrin could still communicate with each other speaking at a slow-enough pace. Croatian language doesnt exists. Mutual Intelligibility among the Slavic Languages by Robert Lindsay The mutual intelligibility (MI) of the languages of the Slavic family is an interesting topic because many are mutually intelligible to one degree or another. I am really sorry, but if you are speaking about science, you cannot just say. Mutual intelligibility mostly applies to the educated, standardized forms of these languages, not to the various sub-standard dialects. He said he is frequent visitor in Poland and therefore he speaks Polish. 4. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Sledva da se otbelei, e tova delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici, a samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik, za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi. This stuff is not all that controversial. The Polish and Ukrainian languages come from the same Slavic roots, but are not so close that they are mutually intelligible. Can you give me a figure for how much of a Bulgarian text you can understand? non-Shtokavian dialects: Kajkavian, Chakavian and Torlakian) diverge more significantly from all four normative varieties. Also I have a long article coming up as a chapter in a peer reviewed book being published out of Turkey. Furthermore, there is a dialect continuum between Kajkavian and Chakavian as there is between Kajkavian and Slovenian, and lects with a dialect continuum between them are always separate languages. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. However, Balachka is dying out and is now spoken only by a few old people. The syntax is though very very similar! I kind of like it though . Slovak-Czech MI tests out at 82% in studies, which seems about right. Regarding Russian/Ukrainian mutual intelligebility: most people who lived in Ukraine during the Soviet era and return there today say that modern Ukrainian differs greatly from the one spoken during Soviet times. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. Much of my vocabulary simply isnt present in their lects, even when I try and align myself to speak more in line with the norm. The world's most difficult languages to learn This debate occurred only in Croatian linguistic circles, and the public knows nothing about it (Jembrigh 2014). CZECH: Bulharsk jazyk je indoevropsk jazyk ze skupiny jihoslovanskch jazyk. What Are Mutually Intelligible Languages? The Answer, and - FluentU Thank you. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? Given that Polish and Russian belong to different groups under the same language family, we can deduce that these two languages share a lot of similarities but also have many differences. Download: I just didnt realize that when you talked about learning the other language you were actually referring to the errors inherent in doing a non-virgin ears MI study, and not conflating language learning with mutual intelligibility. If you speak Russian, it will be easier for you to understand other Slavic languages, which include Ukrainian, Belorussian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Slovene. And the same problem emerges in other situations. Written intelligibility is often very different from oral intelligibility in that in a number of cases, it tends to be higher, often much higher, than oral intelligibility. BR, I would hazzard to say that Polish and Czech languages are at minimum 50% Intelligible and comprehensible between Poles and Czechs (when spoken with normal pace ) and at least 60-70% . These figures were tallied up for each pair of languages to be tabulated and were then all averaged together. Slovenian speakers find it hard to understand most of the other Yugoslav lects except for Kajkavian Croatian. Hello everyone, So they speak Macedonian to me and I speak Serbian to them, and we understand each other perfectly. From the 1500s to 1900, a large corpus of Kajkavian literature was written. Personally, I must admit that Serbs from areas above Nis (cf. However Serbian, Bosnian, and Croatian are not like Czech and Slovak. As a native Serbian speaker from Bosnia who has interacted with most Slavic languages , heres my breakdown of level of mutual intelligibility with other Slavic tongues: its not based on bilingual learning. Russia Invades Ukraine pt XII. It is not really either Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian, but instead it is best said that they are speaking a mixed Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian language. Russian is partially mutually intelligible with Ukrainian, Rusyn and Belarusian. I understood perfectly him, but not her. Torlakians are often said to speak Bulgarian, but this is not exactly the case. You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? Although even if they stuck to Polish/Ukrainian, they'd probably still understand each other. If you take your 25 (supposedly from Novi Sad) and 90 from Nis, then we come to about 60 percent (from Serbian side). Bulgarian and Russian are close because the Ottoman rulers of Bulgaria would not allow printing in Bulgaria. Western Ukraine, at least urban Western Ukraine, no longer speaks the Galician dialect but rather standard Ukrainian. Their mutual intelligibility varies greatly, between the dialects themselves, with Shtokavian, and with other languages. How much of Ukrainian can these Russians in Canada understand? That being said, the line between a language and a dialect is often blurred. It is estimated that there is 89% lexical similarity with French, 87% similarity with Catalan (spoken in Southern Spain), 85% with Sardinian, 82% with Spanish, 78% with Ladin (spoken in Northern Italy) and 77% with Romanian. The biggest Slavic language by far is Russian, which has 154 million native speakers and over 258 million speakers in total. But, as the goal of the OP was to debunk the myth that says every slavic speaker can understand each other, he is quite right on that. Main difference between akavian, kajkavian and tokavian is in vocabulary. Polish and Ukrainian have higher lexical similarity at 72%, and Ukrainian intelligibility of Polish is ~50%+. Serbs did not have the same language contact with the Macedonian language as Macedonians with Serbocroatian did. In the former Czechoslovakia, everything was 50-50 bilingual media, literature, etc. 'My heart remains in Ukraine': The refugee women longing to return After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written On the other side, i.e. I think that Russian has at least 89% with Belorussian, because I understand all speech in Belorusian. Also, danes and swedes have a hard time understanding each other, but they can read the others language quite well. It's not learning, but for become understanding - Ukrainian must listen Polish language from some hours to some days to get used to very specific pronunciation.

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