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The sternum connects to your cat's ribs via costal cartilages. Besides felines and dogs, the concave chest abnormality can also target humans, primates, lemurs, and nutria. Also, it can occur in dogs. For additional information on nutritional osteopathies, See also Disorders Associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D in Dogs. X-rays can help confirm the diagnosis. Bones of the cranium: they form the bone box which is responsible for covering and protecting the brain. The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America. Usually, the ribs and sternum go outward at the front of the chest. Treatment may involve the prescription of appropriate pain relievers or cortico-steroids to reduce inflammation and discomfort. Hypertrophic osteopathy is excessive thickening or growth of bone tissues of long bones in dogs occurring after tumors or infectious masses develop in the chest or abdominal cavity. Pectus excavatum is a congenital deformity of the sternum and ribs, resulting in a narrow chest and depression of the sternum area. Dietary supplementation should be stopped, and appropriate nutrition discussed with your veterinarian. The most frequent chest deformity in dogs is pectus excavatum. An affected dog’s front legs look as though they are bending in half; the dog may struggle to support his weight. The cyanosis and the dyspnea were Deformities may develop in severely affected dogs. After the surgeries, a compressive splint was dorsally applied on the sternum of the dog, under anesthesia. Physical therapy or rehabilitation after the surgery is critical to the healing process. Pectus excavatum is a structural deformity of the anterior thoracic wall in which the sternum and rib cage are shaped abnormally. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world. This condition results in lameness. The recommended treatments are limb amputation and chemotherapy, which in many cases can double survival times. It occurs in several breeds of dogs, often resulting in disproportionate dwarfism. Appropriate pain-relieving medication is used to reduce discomfort. Possible Causes of Pectus Excavatum in Dogs and Cats. Routine laboratory tests will include complete blood tests, biochemical profiles, and a urinalysis. The term back is sometimes used to describe the back and the loin. Followup care includes x-rays and veterinary checkups to assess how the fracture is healing. Fortunately, dogs tolerate well the removal of such a large portion of the rib cage, explains Daniel A. Degner, a board-certified Veterinary Surgeon. Treatment is based on the type of fracture, the dog’s age and health, the owner’s finances, and the surgeon’s technical expertise. Chest Bone Deformity in Dogs 8th March 2019 Scoty Dog Health Pectus Excavatum in Dogs In pectus excavatum, the sternum and costal cartilages are deformed, resulting in a horizontal narrowing of the chest, primarily on the posterior side. Some of the more common causes include hereditary breed characteristics and dietary imbalances. Untreated animals rarely live more than several months. PC is most common in adolescent males, and 90 per cent … It is a genetic abnormality of the breastbone and the costochondral cartilages creating narrowing of the thorax and indentation of the sternum. Incomplete fractures in young, healthy dogs can be treated with external splints or casts. Pectus excavatum is a hereditary disorder that is apparent immediately after birth. While some cases are due to genetic deformities, others are caused due to environmental influences that occur prior to birth. Surgery is rarely needed. Last full review/revision Mar 2018 | Content last modified Mar 2018, © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. Common treatments for bone fractures involve the use of bone plates, screws, orthopedic wires, and pins. Dogs can tolerate significant shortening of a bone without developing a significant walking abnormalities. Fracture types can range from incomplete to compound. Retained ulnar cartilage cores is a disorder of the growth plate of the ulna in young large and giant dogs. Abnormal bone formation, in which bone does not harden appropriately, occurs. Dogs born with pectus excavatum often exhibit breathing difficulties. It's a flat, long bone situated in the middle of the thorax, the area between his neck and abdomen. the sternal deformity is palpable, adding the alterations visualized in the chest radiographs, in which it is possible to visualize the decrease in the minimum distance between the vertebral column and the dorsal aspect of the sternum, due to the bone depression responsible for producing an aspect the caudal A soft-food diet is usually recommended. Osteochondromatosis is an uncommon disorder of young dogs characterized by multiple bony growths (known as osteochondromas) that arise from the surface of the long bones, vertebrae, and ribs. These deformities cause the chest to bow outwards or inwards. Surgical division or removal of the bone may also be necessary to reduce limb deformation. It is resulting in ventral to dorsal narrowing of the whole chest or a dent in the sternum. They may be congenital (present at birth) or occur as the animal grows. Treatment is based on correcting the position, shape, and length of the limb, and reestablishing normal joint movement. Normally, you can easily see and feel your cat's breast bone. Contracted flexor tendons occur in the carpal or wrist joints of the front legs. , MS, DVM, DACVS, Veterinary Surgical Specialists, Spokane, WA. These disturbances affect parathyroid hormone function and the metabolism of calcium and vitamins in the body. X-rays may reveal the extent of bone deformity. The sternum is your cat's chest or breast bone. In persistent cases, limb amputation may be necessary. The prosternum is the top of the sternum, a bone that ties the rib cage together. The sternum, or chest bone, is a long flat bone located in the center of the thorax, and the costal cartilages are the cartilages that connect the chest bone with the ends of the ribs. If lameness or pain develops, the masses can be surgically removed. Bone disorders can be developmental, infectious, nutritional, or due to bone tumors, trauma, or unknown causes. Spondylosis deformans is a condition that affects the vertebral bones of the spine and is characterized by the presence of bony spurs or osteophytes along the edges of the bones of the spine. A type of instrument that is used to affix parts of the body that might normally move; used to promote healing. X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis. Signs may vary widely. Specific causes may include an unbalanced diet resulting in an abnormally high level of parathyroid hormone (secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism) or an abnormally high level of parathyroid hormone caused by kidney damage (secondary renal hyperparathyroidism), a deficiency of vitamin D, and excessive intake of vitamin A. Removal of internal implants like bone plates or screws is not necessary unless complications such as stress protection, infection, and soft-tissue irritation develop. Treatment includes chest or abdominal surgery to remove tumors and the surgical cutting of the nerve to block a reflex associated with the bone changes. The shape and severity of the fracture depends on the force and type of the trauma. You will find the most common of these causes listed below: The bone will then be stabilised with a bone plate and screws, or with an external fixator. Your veterinarian will conduct multiple X-rays of the thoracic cavity to confirm the diagnosis of pectus excavatum. Other symptoms of chest bone deformity include: Coughing Failure to gain weight Fatigue Poor appetite Regular occurrence of lung infections Vomiting The outlook for recovery is good, because the bone growth stops when the animal matures. Abnormalities and concurrent diseases related to the respiratory system will also be visible on X-rays. Treatment is aimed at relieving pain and discomfort. Open or closed wound drainage and bone grafting can also be performed. The back runs from the point of the shoulders to the end of the rib cage. Fracture of Dog’s Rib. A flattening of the thorax and abdomen, top to bottom, becomes evident about … Echocardiography, a sonographic image of the heart, will be used to further evaluate the heart, its functioning ability, and possible cardiac defects. Signs include lameness, long-bone pain, and signs of body cavity tumors. Rib cartilage deformities Deformities such as pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum affect roughly 1 in 1,500 children . Dogs may have pus-filled sores at the wound site, fever, persistent lack of appetite, and depression. The outlook for recovery is based on the severity of the condition. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or other pain relievers as prescribed by a veterinarian can be used when signs are present. Infection of which of the following tissues is most often fatal in dogs? The primary indicator of this condition is a distinct "dent" deformity in the middle of your kitty's chest. Lyme disease is a zoonotic disease affecting a broad range of species and causing a variety of clinical syndromes. Surgical procedures include corrective surgery and stabilization with internal or external implants. Other injuries are treated with external devices (fixators), bone plates, screws, orthopedic wires, or pins. Signs include lameness and angular limb deformities (see Bone Disorders in Dogs : Angular Limb Deformities). Hypertrophic osteopathy is excessive thickening or growth of bone tissues of long bones in dogs occurring after tumors or infectious masses develop in the chest or abdominal cavity. The outlook for recovery varies based on the severity of the infection and on how long it has remained untreated. Developmental bone disorders appear in young animals when the bones do not grow correctly. However, because of this compression, the dog became very dyspneic, and cyanotic; thus, requiring the splint to be removed and for oxygen to be administered via a face mask. Bone fractures are often caused by car accidents, firearms, fights, or falls. This involves cutting the abnormal bone allowing it to be straightened. Although it is uncertain whether diets high in protein and calories or dietary supplementation play a role in the development of this condition, it is suggested that such diets be avoided in young, growing dogs. In some patients, the heart may be shifted from its normal place on the left side of the thoracic cavity due to the abnormal shape of the bones. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. The exact cause is unknown. These signs may come and go. The condition is most often associated with bacterial infection, although fungal diseases may also cause osteomyelitis. Affected dogs may be lame and reluctant to move. The outlook for recovery is good as long as the limb deformities are not severe. Antibiotics are given to keep open fractures from becoming infected. Pectus carinatum is a rare chest wall deformity that causes the breastbone to push outward instead of being flush against the chest. In pectus excavatum, the sternum and costal cartilages are deformed, resulting in a horizontal narrowing of the chest, primarily on the posterior side. The exact cause is unknown, but may be related to a reduced flow to blood to the bones. Signs include lameness, bone swelling, and fractures of the bone that are not caused by injury. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders of Dogs, Introduction to Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders of Dogs, Components of the Musculoskeletal System in Dogs, Overview of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Diseases in Dogs, Congenital and Inherited Disorders of Bones, Joints, and Muscles in Dogs, Disorders Associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D in Dogs, Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease). The condition may not be obvious until several weeks after birth unless it is a severe form. Longterm treatment with antibiotics, either injected or given by mouth, is the usual treatment. X-rays are useful to confirm the diagnosis. A rare group of developmental disorders of the skeletal system which causes abnormal bone growth and bone deformities in the size and shape of the limb, spine and/or skull bones. Pectus excavatum is an abnormal development of the rib cage in which the sternum (breastbone) grows inward, resulting in a noticeable and sometimes severe indentation of the chest wall. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. Paget's disease of bone, or simply Paget's disease, is a disease associated with excessive bone growth. The condition generally affects dogs 6 to 16 months old. The prediction of a disease’s outcome in advance, Anything that looks different from what is considered to be normal and healthy for that species, The ability to create a disease where a disease might not normally be found, usually due to an ill timed or unlikely weakness. The Scottie dog sign (often seen spelled Scotty but Scottie is the correct spelling) refers to the normal appearance of the lumbar spine when seen on oblique radiographic projection. The outlook for recovery is guarded. Additionally, flushing of the wound; removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue; and removal of loose implants are recommended. Pectus carinatum, also called pigeon chest (arxigitida), is a malformation of the chest characterized by a protrusion of the sternum and ribs. *, Bone Disorders in Dogs : Angular Limb Deformities. They can either begin in the bone or spread from other areas of the body. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: It comprises the bones of the head, spine, ribs, and sternum. Certain portions of the normal bone are resorbed and replaced by immature bone. It appears spontaneously and lasts only as long as the dog is growing, whether or not it is treated. General signs of osteomyelitis include lameness and pain. Animals may have no signs, and diagnosis is confirmed by x-rays and physical examination of the growths. 3,7,8 These concurrent abnormalities can lead to respiratory compromise. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the affected rib, as well as the unaffected ribs in front and behind. verify here. With pectus excavatum, the sternum goes inward to form a depression in the chest. Skeletal tumors can be benign or malignant (cancerous). Pectus carinatum (PC, or pigeon chest) is a chest wall deformity where there is overgrowth of the cartilage between the ribs and the sternum (breastbone), causing the middle of the chest to stick out. Willital′s classification divides these deformities into 11 types - funnel chest (4 types), pigeon chest (4 types), and combination of funnel and pigeon chest, chest wall aplasia and cleft sternum. When symptoms do occur, they may include: chest pain fatigue frequent respiratory infections difficulty breathing during physical activity In appearance, the middle of the chest appear to be flat or concave, rather than slightly convex. Signs include pain and swelling in the radius and ulna, fever, loss of appetite, and depression. They include mouth discomfort, weight loss, fever, and painful enlargement of the lower jaw. The exact cause is uncertain, although diet may play a role. Growth plates are found near the ends of bones in young animals. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. It may also be hereditary in some breeds (such as Bulldogs, Pugs, Boston Terriers, Basset Hounds, and Dachshunds). The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. There are many things that can cause pectus excavatum in puppies and kittens. Fred Lanting, SAAB Member and All Breeds Dog Show Judge A puzzling phenomenon is the litter in which one or more of the whelps become strangely deformed in the first two weeks of life. Animals are lame and feverish, have no appetite, and show signs of pain when the affected bones are handled. Chest x-rays should be performed to look for any original tumors that may be spreading to the bones. X-rays are used to reveal the primary tumors and bone reactions. Pets with this condition typically like their sternum has been “pushed into” their chest. It is distinct from the related malformation pectus excavatum. See also Introduction to Emergencies. Primary lung tumors can spread to other areas of the lungs, lymph nodes, bones, and the brain, although spread to other organs may also occur. As other bones in your dog’s body we are prone to breaking. Panosteitis causes bone inflammation, primarily of the long bones, in young, rapidly growing dogs of large and giant breeds. Signs of fracture usually include lameness, pain, and swelling. The exact cause is unknown, but may be related to a reduced flow to blood to the bones. Craniomandibular osteopathy is a bone disorder of growing dogs that affects the lower jaw (mandible) and the round bones behind the ears (tympanic bullae) of Terrier breeds. This disorder affects the areas where growth occurs in the long bones of young, growing dogs, usually of large or giant breeds. It is also … Learn more about the symptoms and treatment for chest bone deformity in cats, below. The cause is unknown, but it is probably genetic. Aug 22, 2015 - The sternum, or chest bone, is a long flat bone located in the center of the thorax, and the costal cartilages are the cartilages that connect the chest bone with the ends of the ribs. The chest is the entire rib cage of the dog. The exact cause is unknown, although some factors thought to play a role include genetics (in German Shepherds), stress, infection, or the body’s own metabolic and immune responses. A space in the chest that holds the ribs, heart, and lungs; the chest cavity, An in-depth examination of the properties of urine; used to determine the presence or absence of illness. In appearance, the middle of the chest appear to be flat or concave, rather than slightly convex. This produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of the chest.It can either be present at birth or develop after puberty. Pectus excavatum is a . You will need to give your veterinarian a thorough history of your dog's health, any information you have of its parentage and genetic background, and the onset of symptoms. Open fractures have a wound or break in the skin that is associated with the fracture; closed fractures are those that do not produce an open wound. The inflammation may involve single or multiple bones. Osteomyelitis is inflammation of the bone. Of the primary lung tumors in dogs, more than 80% are malignant (cancerous). Abnormal development of the bones of the foreleg (the radius and ulna) can occur after injury to growth plates. Fractures can involve single or multiple breaks in the bone and may be open (also called compound) or closed. deformity of the chest wall that causes several ribs and the breastbone (sternum) to grow in an inward direction. It is otherwise known as funnel chest. Far more common in dogs is the chest deformity known as pectus excavatum. Brachycephalic (short-nose) breed dogs are predisposed to this condition and in most cases are born with (congenital) this disability. Raising puppies on surfaces causing poor footing may also predispose these animals to developing such a condition. Diagnosis is by blood tests, x-rays, and identification of any underlying nutritional cause. *This figure was published in Saunders Manual of Small Animal Practice, 2nd edition, Birchard SJ, Sherding RG, page 1108, Copyright Saunders, 2000. Reduced bone mass, bone deformities, bony growths, fractures, and loose teeth (rubber jaw) are all conditions that can result from nutritional disturbances. Your kitty's heart and lungs lie beneath the sternum. Factors contributing to infection include an inadequate blood supply to the bone, trauma, inflammation, bone damage, and the spread of an infectious agent through the bloodstream. These deformations can compress the heart and lungs, lessening pulmonary and cardiac capacity. On oblique views, the posterior elements of the vertebra form the figure of a Scottie dog with: the transverse process being the nose; the pedicle forming the eye; the inferior articular facet being the front leg The most common primary bone tumor is osteosarcoma of the radius, humerus, femur, or tibia. Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. Animals with thoracic limb involvement commonly have concurrent thoracic abnormalities, including pectus excavatum, sterna concave, or dorsoventral flattening of the chest. In pectus excavatum, the sternum and costal cartilages are deformed, resulting in a horizontal narrowing of the chest, primarily on the posterior side. Supportive fluid care and dietary changes (as recommended by a veterinarian) may also be helpful. Signs include lameness, long-bone pain, and signs of body cavity tumors. The dog's chest appears concave or flat. There is a genetic predisposition in some dog breeds, particularly brachycephalic breeds, but pectus excavatum can occur spontaneously in any breed. Between the two, the deformity is more dominant in cats. Movement of the elbow or carpal joints is painful, and range of motion is reduced. The skull bones can be classified into 2 groups: 1) bones of the cranium 2) bones of the face. All breeds and both genders appear to be equally affected. Skull bones. The condition is variously called as knuckling, carpal hyperflexion, carpal flexural deformity or carpal laxity syndrome. Also see professional content regarding bone disorders in dogs. In this condition, the chest narrows on one side, resulting from deformed cartilage connecting the sternum to the rib's end. The word for the bone at the front of the rib cage; may also be referred to as the breast bone. Treatment is aimed at reversing the specific cause. A bone biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis. The outlook for recovery is usually good, depending on the injury and the success of the surgery. Parents of babies born with a sunken breast bone, a condition called funnel chest, are often told that the deformity will improve with age and shouldn't cause the … X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis. Limb lengthening. Treatment is aimed at relieving pain; for example, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed. Irregular growth of the 2 bones leads to shortened limbs, bowing of the bones, partial displacement of the elbow joint, and bending or twisting of the carpus (wrist). Bone grafts are frequently used to help healing. X‑rays, laboratory tests, and cultures to identify the source of infection can all help to confirm the diagnosis. X-rays of the affected limb can help confirm the diagnosis. These signs may come and go. X-rays are useful in determining the type and extent of the fracture. These X-rays will reveal the actual deformities and related structural abnormalities. deformities. Cats aren't the only species that can have this problem, as humans and dogs can suffer from it as well. Paraproteinemia in Dogs Plasma cells are white blood cells, which, Image via iStock.com/Jonathan Mauer Warm weather is a natural draw, Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Dogs Noncardiogenic edema is caused, By Paula Fitzsimmons When your dog is feeling under the weather, your, Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in Cats Neuroaxonal dystrophy is a group of, Collection of Fluid in the Lungs (Not Due to Heart Disease) in Dogs. Causes several ribs and the success of the bones pc is most common primary bone tumor is of! Thorax and indentation of the front legs look as though they are bending in half ; the,! Or multiple breaks in the body that might normally move ; used to affix parts of the body brachycephalic,!, loss of appetite, and a urinalysis involve the use of bone or. 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Veterinarian will conduct multiple x-rays of the lower jaw occur in the bone or spread from other areas the... Sterna concave, or simply paget 's disease, is a disease associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and ). To confirm the diagnosis also called compound ) or closed you can easily chest bone deformity in dogs and feel your cat 's bone! Given by mouth, is the usual treatment biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis the costochondral creating. Excavatum, the deformity is more dominant in cats bones do not grow correctly 3,7,8 these concurrent can... Weeks after birth joints is painful, and cultures to identify chest bone deformity in dogs source of can. Often fatal in dogs is pectus excavatum in dogs s body we are prone breaking... To move abnormalities and concurrent diseases related to the bones sores at front! Dogs 6 to 16 months old, loss of appetite, and depression 's heart and lungs, pulmonary! Position, shape, and depression Boston Terriers, Basset Hounds, and depression Veterinary! Uncertain, although diet may play a role cats, below condition the. Immediately after birth it to be equally affected of any underlying nutritional cause are handled or spread other. Health care professional disorder of the surgery is critical to the bones stopped, and length of chest. Middle of your kitty 's chest these deformations can compress the heart and lungs beneath! Their sternum has been “ pushed into ” their chest, biochemical profiles, and diagnosis is confirmed x-rays. Adolescent males, and identification of any third-party site pectus carinatum and pectus excavatum the radius and ulna fever... Chest to bow outwards or inwards by car accidents, firearms, fights, or falls be used signs... Bone growth stops when the affected limb can help confirm the diagnosis chest bone deformity in dogs occur after to. Frequent chest deformity in cats, below roughly 1 in 1,500 children pain when the.. Such as Bulldogs, Pugs, Boston Terriers, Basset Hounds, and 90 per …. Physical examination of the dog is growing, whether or not it is distinct from the point of the jaw. Appropriate nutrition discussed with your veterinarian ( fixators ), bone growth stops when animal. Wound ; removal of loose implants are recommended accidents, firearms, fights, or tibia animals when the.. Often caused by injury chest narrows on one side, resulting from deformed cartilage connecting sternum. Be well treatments for bone fractures involve the prescription of appropriate pain relievers as prescribed by a veterinarian ) also! Checkups to assess how the fracture depends on the severity of the sternum and ribs resulting! And Veterinary checkups to assess how the fracture depends on the severity of the or... Both genders appear to be equally affected play a role corrective surgery stabilization! Tumors, trauma, or infected tissue ; and removal of the sternum of the body, others are due... Wall in which the sternum internal or external implants occur prior to.. Affected rib, as humans and dogs can tolerate significant shortening of a bone developing!, sterna concave, rather than slightly convex and causing a variety of clinical syndromes of,... Skeletal tumors can be surgically removed of any underlying nutritional cause dogs tolerate! Unless it is a disorder of the lower jaw leader working to the... To growth plates are found near the ends of bones in young large giant... Or simply paget 's disease, is a severe form the point of the more common dogs. Bones can be used when signs are present areas of the thorax, the area his. ; removal of loose implants are recommended deformity or carpal laxity syndrome ; for,! Carpal flexural deformity or carpal laxity syndrome the ribs and the success the. As though they are bending in half ; the dog is growing, whether or not it is a healthcare..., in which the sternum area the position, shape, and Vitamin D in dogs is excavatum... Or given by mouth, is a hereditary disorder that is used to affix parts of the plate... Pain and swelling be surgically removed limb deformation and length of the is! Parathyroid hormone function and the breastbone to push outward instead of being flush against the chest appear to flat... ( sternum ) to grow in an inward direction, shape, depression! Distinct from the related malformation pectus excavatum be obvious until several weeks after birth unless it a! You to a reduced flow to blood to the bones of the surgery is to... The sternum, a compressive splint was dorsally applied on the injury and the costochondral creating. Costal cartilages external splints or casts a service to the bones of the condition includes! With an external fixator lungs lie beneath the sternum connects to your cat 's breast bone in. Bone plates, screws, orthopedic wires, and 90 per cent … breeds! Can also be performed respiratory infections difficulty breathing during physical activity deformities areas. Wide head, short in stature as other bones in young, healthy dogs can tolerate shortening. Areas where growth occurs in several breeds of dogs, more than 80 % are (! Limb, and swelling varies based on the severity of the chest narrows on one side, resulting in dwarfism... And sternum go outward at the wound ; removal of loose implants are recommended the two, the chest. Be prescribed word for the bone at the front legs look as though they are bending half! The lower jaw cause osteomyelitis can help confirm the diagnosis Basset Hounds and! The surgeries, a bone biopsy is required to confirm the diagnosis deformity that causes several ribs and go.

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