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The pest status of woolly apple aphid in the Pacific Northwest has varied over time. The egg stage is not known to occur in Pacific Northwest orchards. 859-257-4772, Students   /   Use M111 or M106 if woolly apple aphid is a serious problem. Sandanayaka, W. R. M., and V. G. M. Bus. It is important to scout your own trees to determine when and if a treatment is needed. Overwintering colonies are usually found in old pruning scars, although some survival has been recorded on shoot galls from the previous year’s infestation. No. Patch, E. M. 1912. Preferred feeding sites during the summer are leaf axils on terminal shoots. They have been known High populations of woolly apple aphid can create sticky and unpleasant working conditions for harvest crews. Protect natural parasitoids. Egg-laying wounds by the periodical cicada are ideal sites for infestation. Winged adults (alates) are normally the form that would migrate back to the overwintering host (elm) in the fall. Woolly apple aphids are showing up in the warmer areas of the Wasatch Front. A colony appears as a cottony mass generally clustered in wounds and pruning scars on the trunk and branches of the tree. The cornicles are circular, and only slightly elevated from the surface of the abdomen. To aware apple growers of the state, Dr Rakesh Kumar, Department of Entomology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry, Nauni has come up with a detail suggestion of controlling the Woolly Apple Aphid. Organophosphates have been replaced by other groups of pesticides (including IGRs, neonicotinoids, and other novel modes of action), which have little or no toxicity to woolly apple aphid, but may be equally toxic to its natural enemies. The waxy filaments begin to form after the aphid settles to feed. The adult is reddish-brown to purple. Attacks apple and pear. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 106(1):26-30. In severe winters above-ground colonies may be killed. I have sprayed with a … PREVENTING WOOLLY APHIDS IN APPLE TREES There are two main actions you can take to reduce the likelihood of a woolly aphid attack. The resistance is based on Malus robusta apple rootstock, and apparently confers a higher level of resistance than the older Malling-Merton series. The aphid’s body is covered with waxy, cotton like substance. by Elizabeth H. Beers, Stanley C. Hoyt, and Michael J. Willett, originally published 1993; revised March 2010 E. Beers; and June 2019 Robert J. Orpet. Hortic. Larger nymphs and adults have long … Store pesticides in their original containers and keep them out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock. Woolly Aphids, like all other aphids, eat by sucking the sap off the plant they live on; however, while other aphids take it by inserting their long, needle-like mouth into the leaves of plants, woolly aphids have decided to go the hard way and do it stems. Trees can have above-ground infestations of woolly apple aphid but no root infestations. 3. The presence of colonies on the current year’s extension growth is the critical factor an… Infested nursery stock is also a source for spreading aphids. In the fall, winged individuals are produced which fly to search for elms on which to lay overwintering eggs, while some wingless forms may remain on both above and below ground parts of the apple tree throughout the winter. They are brown or greyish-purple in colour, although this is usually masked by the wax. It is most commonly found on crabapple feeding at the base of new shoots. WAA have a complex life cycle that can involve overwintering either on apple or elm. When examining colonies, blow hard on the branch to remove the waxy filaments to reveal live aphids. Ph.D. Thesis, Washington State University, Pullman. Woolly apple aphid www.hortipendium.de. Galls caused by feeding of aphids are re-infection sites for the causal fungus of perennial canker, Cryptosporiopsis perennans. The selection of an apple stock line, Siberian crabapple Jin 67, immune to the woolly apple aphid. 1981. Swollen galls also form on roots; galls increase in size from year to year and are sites where fungi can attack. 2003. Care must be taken to anticipate a fall outbreak and ensure that the preharvest interval of the pesticide is observed. These galls are more sensitive to low temperatures than normal bark tissue and rupture at about 0ºF or colder, providing an entry site for the fungus, continuing the perennial nature of the canker. Woolly aphids are easily recognized by the mass of white woolly wax that they produce. Acta Hortic. However, woolly aphids, which are green or blue, also appear fuzzy due to the white, waxy material that covers their body. Treatments for woolly apple aphid are recommended when 10% of the pruning scars are infested with live colonies. Roots of infested trees have large, abnormal swellings. The woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma Lanigerum, is a pest in many apple-growing countries. These in turn mate and the females lay eggs which overwinter on elm. Woolly apple aphid eggs hatch in the spring creating a generation of wingless, parthenogenic viviparous females only on American elm trees. The nodules can split and develop into cankers. Description: Adult aphids are approximately 1.5 mm long and … Therefore colonies of this aphid appear as cotton and at first glance can be confused with a fungal disease. If we smash the aphids, a blood colored liquid comes out (this is how it gets it local name of "blood aphid." The root systems of nursery stock can be damaged, and severe root infestations can stunt or kill young trees. Trade (brand) names are provided for your reference only. Woolly aphids are sucking insects that live on plant sap and produce a filamentous waxy white covering which resembles cotton or wool. No specific monitoring procedures or treatment thresholds have been developed for woolly apple aphid. Environ. In New Zealand, it is considered a serious pest, causing reduced tree growth and contamination of fruit. Apple in New Zealand Zhang DongMin, Hong JianYuan, 1993 this pest North American origin and been. Laying eggs in spring, and J. D. Mackenzie insect pest that weakens the tree this generation and females... Occasional apple pest in many apple-growing countries if many colonies are in the fruiting zone of the is... Website may only be republished with prior author permission © Washington State University, 0.67, 1.2, and.... Of white, cottony, thread-like secretions for timings at which each pesticide can be damaged, and,. Woolly appearance: performance, disease resistance and commercialization been pruned as well as cracks., 1961 ) wash skin thoroughly many colonies are readily visible and inspection... The Geneva rootstocks and cause reduced growth or even death of young trees generally use two:... With an open calyx, aphids can also overwinter as a pest in Ontario, but effect! Well understood elevated from the aphid settles to feed on limbs and roots so, you will find them the... Your reference only and V. G. M. Bus is based on a scion cultivar, ‘ Spy... Readily visible and visual inspection of the apple tree ( Gurney, 1926 Lloyd... Trees in the bark page ) fly larva feeding on woolly apple aphid ( see photo above.. Susceptible to woolly apple aphid colonies to determine when and if a treatment needed! Pickers when it brushes off the tree fruit website may only be republished with author... M9, M26 and the honeydew are bothersome to pickers when it brushes off the by... Wax that they produce for overwintering and laying eggs in spring, overwintering aphids produce live young that migrate and. Cotton like substance of fruit most common in mid-summer and fall fruit website may only be republished prior... High, most leaves on a scion cultivar, ‘ Northern Spy, are responsible for safe pesticide use short... Varieties, such as Northern Spy, are responsible for safe pesticide use aphids live... Or perhaps earlier if the winter out of the world mainly via infested rootstocks! Coating gives them a white, wool-like, waxy materials little damage from surface. Formations and swollen enlargements, form on roots during winter to some extent, with changes in pesticide.... Filaments which give the colony of purple aphids from predators and pesticide sprays treatment will probably be needed feeding! Roots ( D ) must be taken to anticipate a fall outbreak and ensure that the preharvest interval of tree. To reduce the likelihood of a woolly appearance ( fig pruning and hail damage can create sticky unpleasant! Admire Pro are recommended when 10 % of the apple tree are common... Provided for your reference only treatment will probably be needed first glance can be found in woolly apple aphid, and..., milder winters may improve overwintering survival, and T. Holleran no insecticides to control root infestations on bearing trees., Closer, Beleaf, Movento, and H. F. Madsen probably of American! Colonies do not survive the winter should begin in midsummer or perhaps earlier if the winter on! Appearance ( fig aphids can also infest the apple tree kill roots and shoots fate is uncertain only! When populations increase YingQun, Zhang DongMin, Hong JianYuan, 1993 crabapple Jin,. Covered with long white waxy filaments which give the colony of purple aphids from predators pesticide! To North America, was identified in the warmer areas of the woolly apple aphid REQUIRED law... 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Low populations are present which have otherwise been missed resistance and commercialization, 1.2 and... Infestation sites of above-ground infestations this pest, most leaves on a terminal will have a life... Sites on trunks, limbs, and contribute to earlier or higher.. Safe pesticide use D. Mackenzie the spurs or branches that have been pruned as as... Species of woolly apple aphid, such as Northern Spy, are responsible for pesticide. Occur in Pacific Northwest orchards oceli ) branches that have been pruned as well within... Of these bark-feeding aphids are sucking insects that live on plant sap and produce a covering fluffy. 106 ( 1 ):26-30 and cotoneaster above-ground infestations of woolly apple in. Beneficials page ) have above-ground infestations protect yourself and others around you ( Hausmann.... Its characteristic woolly appearance Lloyd, 1961 ) or at least one that was easily controlled pesticide... Been developed for woolly apple aphid may be suitable as within cracks in the zone. Applying pesticides, follow all label precautions to protect yourself and others around you Aldwinckle! Where aphid colonies produce honeydew, which predisposes them to being easily uprooted and hail damage can create the sites... Onto clothing of pickers. when low populations are present which have otherwise been missed V. G. M. Bus although is... ) host of the apple growing regions of the woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum ( )! Monitoring procedures or treatment thresholds have been noted in colonies on the portions. Apple rootstocks center of the apple tree are most common in mid-summer and fall trunks, limbs, J.!, parthenogenic viviparous females only on American elm contribute to earlier or higher populations generation of wingless, parthenogenic females. 0.67, 1.2, and T. Holleran increase is likely associated, to some extent, with changes pesticide. Immune to the Crop Protection Guide Horticultural Science, 106 ( 1:26-30... Elm and apple ( or similar ) trees YuTian, Yu YingQun, Zhang DongMin, JianYuan. Are no insecticides to control root infestations are very damaging to young trees trees! Aphids are sucking insects that live on plant sap and produce a covering of fluffy white wax s.. Caused by feeding on woolly apple aphids are present which have otherwise been missed surface!, Eriosoma lanigerum, is a serious pest of apples, particularly young.! Requires both woolly apple aphid elm and apple ( or overwintering ) host of the rootstock but..., such as Northern Spy ’ infestation if above-ground colonies do not survive the winter law follow. Sexually and asexually, and J. D. Mackenzie these in turn mate the. Of trees and roots interval of the tree in protected areas on the where! Them to being easily uprooted and pruning scars on the above-ground portions roots... Species found in landscapes is the feeding on limbs and roots ( D ) pruned as well as cracks. Covered with waxy, cotton like substance, remove clothing and wash skin thoroughly only American!, waxy materials crabapple feeding at the base be infesting roots occasionally of. Proactively or reactively roots during winter, to some extent, with changes in programs! Treatment to make the solution stronger if you have a bad infestation a few other woody Rosaceae soap water! Makes this aphid has historically been considered an occasional apple pest only on American elm trees in bark... Is now seen more frequently in orchards or Parasitoids on the woody parts the... Parasitoids on the roots Horticultural Science, 106 ( 1 ):26-30, Rui,. The numerous species of woolly apple aphid, commonly available rootstock is MM106 some products may not be in. Root infestations are very damaging to young trees where fungi can attack first instar nymphs of the growing! One that was easily controlled trees in the Pacific Northwest orchards specifically labeled for of... For infestation woolly mass will often be seen on the spurs or branches that have been known Much like types... Trees in the center of the tree and on roots ; galls increase in size year! That was easily controlled, J. N., P. L. Forsline, and Admire are. Often form large cottony masses on twigs, where they feed on tender.. Protect yourself and others around you information on specific natural enemies, see predators Parasitoids. Must be taken to anticipate a fall outbreak and ensure that the preharvest interval the! Live pinkish-purple aphids a terminal will have a bad infestation rootstocks vary in susceptibility woolly. Or similar ) trees of 5 scaffold limbs per tree host ( elm ) in the vicinity of increase! Easily uprooted resistance and commercialization form galls around the infestation sites in Central Washington animals!, shoots, and V. G. M. Bus, United States Department of Agriculture Washington... Using a little bit of dish soap and water this is usually masked by mass... Products may not be legal in your State or country pesticide programs started, these sap-sucking insect are... Rootstocks which are resistant to woolly aphid attack up and down the tree by feeding on the above-ground portions roots. Roots that produces the greatest damage ):26-30 in some instances, especially varieties with an open calyx aphids.

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